A new update of this statistics is planned for 2022.
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About the statistics
Definitions
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Concepts and definitions are in accordance with the demands for CVTS3 set by Eurostat.
- Continuing vocational training
- Only tuition/training partly or wholly financed by the firm is included in the definition.
- CVT courses
- CVT courses are typically clearly separated from the active work place (learning takes place in locations specially assigned for learning, a class room or training centre). They exhibit a high degree of organisation (time, space and content) by a trainer or a training institution. The content is designed for a group of learners (e.g. a curriculum exists). Two distinct types of CVT courses are identified, internal CVT courses designed and managed by the firms themselves and external CVT courses offered by external course providers.
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On-the-job training, self directed learning and other individual training activities are not CVT courses but other forms of continuing vocational training.
Other forms of continuing vocational training -- Includes only planned activities where learning is the main purpose. The content is often tailored according to the learners’ individual needs in the workplace and are more self directed than CVT courses.
Other forms of continuing vocational training- On-the job-training -- On-the job-training is characterised by planned periods of training, instruction or practical experience in the work place using the normal tools of work, either at the immediate place of work or in the work situation.
Other forms of continuing vocational training- Job rotation -- Only Job-rotation where learning is the main objective is included in the definition here.
Other forms of continuing vocational training- Learning/quality circles -- Learning circles are groups of persons employed who come together on a regular basis with the primary aim of learning more about the requirements of the work organisation, work procedures and work places. Quality circles are working groups, having the objective of solving production and work place based problems, through discussion. They are counted as “other” forms of CVT only if the primary aim of the persons employed attending them, is learning.
Andre former for opplæring- Selvstudier -- Ansatte som deltar i fjernundervisning, e-læring eller andre former for selvstudier utenom betalt arbeidstid og uten noen kompensasjon fra arbeidsgiver regnes ikke med, selv om opplæringen er relevant for den ansattes yrke. Selvstudier i forbindelse med kurs (se definisjon over) regnes ikke med her.
Other forms of continuing vocational training- Attendance at conferences, Workshops etc -- Attendance at conferences, workshops, trade fairs and lectures is only considered as training when they are planned in advance and learning is the primary objective of the person(s) attending.
- Employees
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Included:
- working proprietors.
- partners working regularly in the firm.
- unpaid family workers.
- persons paid and hired by the firm currently working outside the firm premises (e.g. sales representatives, delivery personnel, repair and maintenance teams).
- part-time workers and seasonal workers.
- persons absent for a short period (e.g. sick leave, paid leave or special leave).
- those on strike, but not when absent for an indefinite period.
Not included:
- personer som gjennomfører reparasjoner eller vedlikehold i bedriften på vegne av andre bedrifter
- Persons working at the firm, but whose salary is paid by another firm
- Persons in compulsory military service
- Trainees etc. with a vocational training contract, and without a regular work contract.
CVT course participants -- An employee is only counted as a course participant once, irrespective of the number of CVT courses he or she has participated in.
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The industrial classification of economic activities is in accordance with the Standard industrial Classification (SN2002), which is based on the EU standard if NACE rev. 1.1.
Administrative information
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Name: Continuing Vocational Training Survey
Topic: Education
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Division for Education and Culture Statistics
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Regions and whole country.
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The period of reference for this survey is 2005. A similar survey (CVTS2) was conducted with 1999 as the year of reference (cf. pt. 2.1). Similar surveys are scheduled for about every fifth year.
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Micro data files are sent Eurostat in August 2007.
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The basic material (survey results from the interviewers) as well as the statistical files (on the basis of revision and estimation procedures) are stored. Anonymized microdata are also sent to Eurostat.
Background
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This survey is the Norwegian part of the third Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS3). CVTS3 has been conducted in all 27 member states of the European Union, as well as in Norway. The survey covers initial and continuing vocational training in enterprises (firms in the Norwegian survey, cf. pt. 3.3 and 6). The survey is a sample survey, and it’s coordinated by Eurostat (the statistical office of the EU). The first enterprise survey on continuing vocational training (CVTS1) was carried out in 1994. Norway (by Statistics Norway) took part in the second survey (CVTS2) which was carried out in 2000 and 2001 with 1999 as the year of reference.
The main purpose of the survey is to provide data on the continuing vocational training (CVT) offered by firms to their employees. These data include CVT policy, the scope content and intensity of CVT, as well as the costs and financing of CVT. At the EU level, the survey is one of the components in an integrated European statistical information system for lifelong learning.
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In addition to providing the relevant authorities and other users with information about the scope, form, content, planning and financing of CVT, CVTS3 contributes to the knowledge base for policy development both in Norway and at the European level.
Key users in Norway include the Ministry of Education and Research, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, trade unions, research institutions, international organisations etc.
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This statistics is a part of the statistics of adult education and other tuition in Norway.
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The Statistics Act § 2-1 (voluntary).
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European Parliament/Council Regulation EC 1552/2005. European Commission Regulation EC 198/2006.
Production
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The population of interest for the CVTS3 is the enterprises within each participating country with 10 or more persons employed belonging to the 20 NACE categories (NACE rev.1.1): C, D (15-16, 17-19, 21-22, 23-26, 27-28, 29-33, 34-35, 20+36+37), E, F, G (50, 51, 52), H, I (60-63, 64), J (65-66, 67), K+O.
When published data is grouped in six categories of economic activity:
D - Manufacturing
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal household goods
J - Financial intermediation
K - Real estate, renting and business activities
O - Other community, social and personal service activities
Other economic activities.
The following three size categories are used: 10-49, 50-249 and 250+ employees.
Separate strata with enterprises of 5-10 persons employed belonging to the NACE-categories above and also enterprises belonging to other NACE categories are included in pilots. Data from these pilots are not included in the material published here.
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The main data source is a representative sample survey among firms (cf. pt. 3.1.) based on a combination of face-to-face interviews and self completion by paper or on the web.
A sample of 2 798 firms was drawn from the Norwegian Business Register.
The sample was a stratified random sample of firms in the 20 by 3 NACE * size groups, i.e. 60 strata.
The sampling was carried out using Permanent Random Numbers (PRNs) implemented in the business register. This makes it simple to establish the samples for future CVTS surveys as panels or rotated panels with the CVTS3 sample as a base.
The strata for firms with 250+ employees were “take all” strata (sampling rate 100 percent). For other strata sample sizes were determined as described in the manual, section 4.3.5 claiming that the maximum half-length of a 95% confidence interval for an estimated proportion (with true value 0.5) of training units should be at most 20 percent of the estimated value within each stratum. To calculate these sample sizes it was necessary to make assumptions on the proportions of training enterprises (q) and the response rate (r) (among training enterprises) within each stratum. Given that the final response rate was lower than expected at the time of sampling, it would have been an advantage to have sampled more firms in certain strata.
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Three different data collection instruments were used:
Face-to-face interviews, 15 per cent of the net sample.
Self-completion of web based questionnaire, 35 per cent of the net sample.
Self-completion of postal questionnaire, 50 per cent of the net sample.
For the face-to-face and web based data collection, several automatic checks have been implemented in the electronic questionnaires to prevent erroneous/inconsistent answers, flagging warnings when such errors occur asking the respondent to provide a new and valid answer. The data has also been revised using a special checking tool developed by Eurostat, executing data entry validity checks, record level consistency checks and some file level checks for extreme values.
In order to estimate population totals based on the sample, inflation factors (weights) have been calculation in a multi-stage process.
First, initial weights were calculated, based on the number of firms in the net sample compared to the known number of firms within each of the 60 strata used in the sampling.
These weights have then been adjusted through calibration, using additional information about the known population totals for number of employees and firms in each of the 3 size groups and 20 NACE categories within the 7 regions in Norway. The resulting weights when used in estimating population totals for the number of firms and employees in the 3 size groups, 20 NACE categories and 7 regions in Norway yields results equal to the true population totals.
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Not relevant
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It is possible to compare certain figures for 2005 from the Norwegian CVTS3 with similar figures for 1999 from the Norwegian CVTS2. However, since enterprises were sampled in CVTS2 and firms in CVTS3 there are limitations to the comparability.
E.g. it is plausible that an enterprise made up of several firms will be more likely to have offered CVT courses (at the level of the enterprise or in one or more of the constituent firms) than a single firm with as many employees as the enterprise. One should thus be alert to the fact that the ratio of enterprises offering CVT courses in 1999 is not directly comparable with the ratio of firms offering CVT course in 2005.
It is however possible to compare CVT course participation rates between 1999 and 2005 based on CVTS2 and CVTS3, since inflating from a sample of firms or enterprises would yield similar estimated population totals.
Accuracy and reliability
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In all surveys errors may occur in connection with both the collection and the processing of data. The automatic checks implemented in the electronic questionnaires used in the face-to-face and web based data collection help to reduce the occurrence of such errors in the basic data material. For the postal questionnaire similar automatic checks are not an option, and the postal questionnaire are also prone to processing errors during scanning. Through the data revision process such errors have been identified and corrected to the largest extent possible.
From a gross a sample of 2842 firms there were 294 firms not belonging to the target population, 1632 non-respondents and 916 responds, resulting in a net response rate of 35,9. Unit non-response was corrected through the weighting procedures (cf. pt. 3.6) whereas item non-response was dealt with using imputation (estimating a value where one is missing) of the quantitative variables and some of the qualitative ones according to guidelines given by Eurostat. Imputation was carried out separately within 40 strata (two size categories (more or less than 50 employees)* 20 NACE categories).
Below you’ll find an overview of the item-non response prior to imputation on some of the variables used in the published data material.
Total number of employees: 0 per cent
Male employees: 5,6 per cent
Female employees: 5,6 per cent
Employees below 25 years old: 11,9 per cent
Employees 25-54 years old: 12,3 per cent
Employees 55+ years old: 12,3 per cent
Has the firm had employees participating in internal CVT courses in 2005: 0 per cent
Has the firm had employees participating in external CVT courses in 2005: 0 per cent
Has the firm had employees participating in on-the-job training in 2005: 7,5 per cent
Has the firm had employees participating in job-rotation in 2005: 7,2 per cent
Has the firm had employees participating in learning or quality circles in 2005: 7,4 per cent
Has the firm had employees participating in self directed learning in 2005: 7,6 per cent
Has the firm had employees participating in conferences etc. in 2005: 7,8 per cent
Total number of CVT course participants: 1,9 per cent
Male CVT course participants: 5 per cent
Female CVT course participants: 5,1 per cent
CVT course participants below 25 years old: 14,5 per cent
CVT course participants 25-54 years old: 8,3 per cent
CVT course participants 55+ years old: 16,2 per cent
The various reasons for non-provision of CVT: 7,9 per cent
Imputation of the quantitative variables was carried out as a mean imputation within the separate strata. A few qualitative variables were imputed as well, using a sequential “hot-deck” (donor) imputation method. Sequential “hot-decking” implies that observations with a valid value on the given variables are, from a randomly sorted list, used as donors for observations lacking a valid value.
For variables with particularly high item non-response rates, imputation has not been carried.
The estimates from this survey are based on a sample of firms. Somewhat different results might have been obtained if a different sample or if a complete census had been taken using the same questionnaires, interviewers, processing, etc. as those actually used in the survey. The uncertainty introduced by sampling is called the sampling error or standard deviation of the estimates.
If the reader wants an indication of the size of the standard deviation for various estimated population ratios see the table below. For most of the published estimates, the uncertainty in the data is especially pronounced for the largest firms, firms in NACE categories K and O, and in the regions of Hedmark/Oppland and Trøndelag.
Groups
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Alle firms
Percentage of firms offering CVT courses and other forms of CVT
86
2
Percentage of firms offering CVT courses
55
3
Percentage of firms offering internal CVT courses
36
3
Percentage of firms offering external CVT courses
44
3
Percentage of firms offering other forms of CVT
79
3
10-49 empl.
86
2
54
4
34
4
42
3
79
3
50-249 empl.
88
3
65
4
52
4
53
4
84
4
250+ empl.
95
4
57
12
52
11
42
9
91
5
Oslo/Akershus
84
4
57
7
            Hedmark/Oppland
81
9
47
10
            South Eastern Norway
86
6
47
8
            Agder/Rogaland
87
4
48
8
            Western Norway
86
4
61
8
            Trøndelag
93
4
58
12
            Northern Norway
90
6
68
9
            NACE D
85
2
50
3
            NACE G
91
4
54
7
            NACE J
95
4
82
6
            NACE K
98
1
72
10
            NACE O
73
13
63
14
            Other economic activities
79
3
48
4
            Groups
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Alle firms
CVT course participation all employees
29
2
CVT course participation all men
30
2
CVT course participation all women
3
  CVT course participation under 25 years
23
3
CVT course participation 25 -54 years
31
2
10-49 empl.
28
3
28
3
5
  21
4
31
3
50-249 empl.
29
3
29
3
5
  26
6
31
3
250+ empl.
30
5
33
5
5
  27
6
32
5
Groups
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Alle firms
CVT course participation under 55+ years
24
2
Only internal CVT courses
21
4
Both internal and external CVT courses
45
4
Only external CVT courses
34
4
      10-49 empl.
24
4
21
4
42
5
37
4
    50-249 empl.
25
4
19
4
61
5
20
4
    250+ empl.
24
5
26
8
65
8
10
5
    Groups
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
Variable
M
Std
All firms
Reason for non-training: Existing competencies
75
8
Reason for non-training: Costs
15
7
Reason for non-training: Time constraints
2
1
            When comparing estimated population totals or ratios between different groups (e.g. large firms and smaller firms) one should be alert to the fact that 95 per cent confidence intervals for the estimates in the groups may overlap, making it impossible to determine with a high degree of certainty whether differences observed in the estimates reflects a real difference in the population or not.
