Newly established enterprises, survival and growth

Updated: 13 September 2022

Next update: 26 June 2023

Enterprises that have survived for five years
Enterprises that have survived for five years
2020
26.5
%
Survival rate of newly established enterprises
Survival rate of newly established enterprises
Per cent survived enterprises
1 year2 year3 year4 year5 year
Year of establishing
201546.141.234.529.926.5
201644.440.634.029.8
201744.141.135.0
201844.742.9
201944.4
Explanation of symbols

Selected tables and figures from this statistics

  • Newly established enterprises, by year of establishing and year of survival
    Newly established enterprises, by year of establishing and year of survival
    New established enterprises totalYear of survivalPer Cent survived enterprises
    1 year2 years3 years4 years5 years1 year2 years3 years4 years5 years
    Year of establishing
    201557 86626 66523 82419 94817 28915 32946.141.234.529.926.5
    201660 47426 82224 57120 56217 99844.440.634.029.8
    201762 02827 34725 49321 69844.141.135.0
    201861 53327 53426 39744.742.9
    201965 60029 14844.4
    Explanation of symbols
  • Newly established enterprises by survival, legal form and year of establishing
    Newly established enterprises by survival, legal form and year of establishing
    Numbler of newly established enterprisesSurvival 1 yearSurvived 2 yearsSurvival 3 yearsSurvival 4 yearsSurvival 5 years
    SurvivedAsleepSurvivedAsleepSurvivedAsleepSurvivedAsleepSurvived
    All organisational structures
    201557 86646.14.141.21.034.50.929.90.626.5
    201660 47444.44.840.61.034.01.029.8
    201762 02844.15.241.11.035.0
    201861 53344.75.942.9
    201965 60044.4
    General partnership (ANS)
    201512649.22.443.70.030.21.625.40.824.6
    201611247.32.733.93.627.71.821.4
    20179736.15.232.01.026.8
    20189047.810.050.0
    20198549.4
    Private limited company (AS)
    201521 69566.75.163.21.254.71.148.51.043.8
    201623 69364.36.862.21.253.11.447.5
    201725 01864.54.759.41.452.3
    201825 20461.96.961.2
    201925 48660.8
    Public limited company (ASA)
    2015333.30.033.30.033.30.033.30.033.3
    20163100.00.0100.00.0100.00.0100.0
    2017333.30.00.033.333.3
    2018333.30.033.3
    2019366.7
    General partnership with shared liability (DA)
    201556553.12.740.91.227.62.323.50.720.5
    201656952.41.433.92.530.10.724.6
    201752340.98.638.81.731.4
    201840047.09.546.3
    201937256.2
    Sole proprietorship (ENK)
    201534 15633.53.527.80.822.30.718.70.416.1
    201634 78831.13.526.60.921.60.718.3
    201735 21330.25.628.70.723.3
    201834 56333.15.330.5
    201938 47134.3
    Norwegian division of foreign business enterprise (NUF)
    20151 00726.62.721.10.514.40.210.60.27.8
    201694826.31.318.50.212.30.39.4
    201774623.31.916.20.49.9
    201870618.81.412.7
    201963114.3
    Explanation of symbols
  • Newly established enterprises, by survival, county and year of establishing
    Newly established enterprises, by survival, county and year of establishing
    Newly established enterprisesSurvived 1 year, per cent enterprisesSurvived 2 years, per cent enterprisesSurvived 3 years, per cent enterprisesSurvived 4 years, per cent enterprisesSurvival 5 years, per cent
    TotalSurvivedAsleepSurvivedAsleepSurvivedAsleepSurvivedAsleepSurvived
    Østfold (-2019)
    20153 01047.93.741.70.834.50.829.20.325.5
    20162 89346.63.641.50.834.31.030.1
    20173 01244.44.940.80.934.8
    20182 87546.74.943.5
    20193 23945.7
    Akershus (-2019)
    20156 85846.64.042.00.935.00.830.00.726.7
    20167 27246.24.641.61.134.01.129.7
    20177 36344.75.140.90.934.3
    20187 26745.55.943.1
    20198 18146.4
    Oslo
    201512 69742.04.537.11.130.80.826.10.723.0
    201613 07140.75.537.61.130.91.026.9
    201713 68241.15.737.91.131.5
    201813 21442.06.440.3
    201914 32241.5
    Hedmark (-2019)
    20151 58450.14.245.50.838.30.833.30.428.6
    20161 66547.93.642.21.436.01.031.5
    20171 65344.95.242.20.736.4
    20181 68747.26.045.6
    20191 76747.5
    Oppland (-2019)
    20151 63849.44.045.51.540.41.236.30.431.6
    20161 61248.85.245.01.639.90.634.6
    20171 74747.54.844.80.938.8
    20181 74448.55.045.3
    20191 85350.4
    Buskerud (-2019)
    20153 11750.83.844.61.038.10.733.20.829.4
    20163 11146.24.541.61.034.61.129.7
    20173 16146.94.443.10.936.9
    20183 13648.46.046.0
    20193 23646.6
    Vestfold (-2019)
    20152 57748.44.043.40.936.20.731.70.728.2
    20162 67945.43.541.10.834.60.730.3
    20172 85947.14.443.80.737.6
    20182 76746.26.144.8
    20193 07845.7
    Telemark (-2019)
    20151 64948.53.943.50.536.70.833.40.429.7
    20161 75546.05.543.00.835.21.031.3
    20171 76246.34.943.41.337.2
    20181 81747.25.745.6
    20191 85244.0
    Aust-Agder (-2019)
    20151 07849.44.445.70.937.70.933.20.629.4
    20161 18846.55.243.21.036.11.232.2
    20171 15045.74.542.21.338.3
    20181 21847.65.245.9
    20191 32547.8
    Vest-Agder (-2019)
    20152 01547.83.341.60.936.10.530.30.627.2
    20162 16446.94.442.10.835.10.830.9
    20172 13244.94.942.31.135.9
    20182 10746.56.244.5
    20192 28145.8
    Rogaland
    20154 63845.24.340.10.833.20.929.30.526.3
    20165 19845.24.841.01.034.20.730.0
    20175 43044.45.040.71.034.7
    20184 69644.85.342.5
    20194 98342.9
    Hordaland (-2019)
    20155 43645.34.340.31.033.21.329.00.725.7
    20165 72342.84.639.70.833.80.829.8
    20175 79043.55.741.30.935.1
    20185 59244.46.643.4
    20195 95243.4
    Sogn og Fjordane (-2019)
    201588546.95.345.31.139.41.134.81.131.3
    201687150.94.648.11.141.41.338.3
    201792652.75.049.81.143.1
    201893048.65.547.3
    201995648.4
    Møre og Romsdal
    20152 14248.83.944.40.936.91.132.60.628.6
    20162 23848.44.845.00.937.91.333.1
    20172 18545.54.942.81.037.1
    20182 39347.15.645.0
    20192 40446.3
    Trøndelag - Trööndelage
    20150.........
    20160.......
    20170.....
    20185 23042.56.341.5
    20195 22043.7
    Sør-Trøndelag (-2017)
    20153 25944.24.139.81.033.40.829.00.726.4
    20163 66539.75.137.01.031.41.027.6
    20173 59441.95.840.11.134.5
    20180...
    20190.
    Nord-Trøndelag (-2017)
    20151 11649.63.744.41.438.41.232.50.528.9
    20161 08547.85.044.00.836.71.332.3
    20171 10349.75.347.30.540.3
    20180...
    20190.
    Nordland - Nordlánnda
    20151 81750.03.645.40.838.21.134.10.830.0
    20161 88547.74.744.31.438.51.133.7
    20172 01146.15.544.00.938.3
    20182 08846.85.644.3
    20192 12847.2
    Troms - Romsa (-2019)
    20151 52045.94.141.70.533.61.129.30.926.2
    20161 58141.05.139.41.133.90.728.8
    20171 61641.45.639.70.934.3
    20181 79144.06.442.7
    20191 78844.6
    Finnmark - Finnmárku (-2019)
    201568349.94.043.80.737.20.632.90.329.6
    201663550.13.345.40.939.11.734.5
    201766548.75.146.81.143.5
    201868842.95.543.9
    201974948.6
    Svalbard
    20153036.76.740.00.030.03.333.30.030.0
    20164843.88.339.60.035.40.033.3
    20173429.411.832.40.017.6
    20185141.29.845.1
    20193636.1
    Explanation of symbols
  • High growth (20 per cent growth or more) and medium growth (10-19 per cent growrh) enterprises measured in turnover and number of employees by industrial activity and legal form. Enterprises with 10 or more employees
    High growth (20 per cent growth or more) and medium growth (10-19 per cent growrh) enterprises measured in turnover and number of employees by industrial activity and legal form. Enterprises with 10 or more employees
    2021Total number of enterprisesPer cent mediumgrowth enterprisePer cent highgrowth enterprise
    TurnoverNumber of employeesTurnoverNumber of employees
    All industries22 89613.38.37.73.0
    Manufacturing, mining and quarrying2 99714.79.09.12.9
    Electricity, water supply, sewerage, waste management3557.99.04.82.5
    Construction4 38817.311.610.93.4
    Wholesale and retail trade: repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles5 89013.66.74.91.5
    Transportation and storage1 44913.09.16.03.7
    Accommodation and food service activities2 2764.43.62.81.4
    Information and communication1 21715.612.215.67.9
    Real estate activities34310.56.78.72.0
    Professional, scientific and technical activities1 80616.29.710.04.5
    Administrative and support service activities1 28113.47.910.56.1
    Arts, entertainment and recreation5723.16.32.41.0
    Other service activities, activities of households as employers of domestic personnel3223.72.51.20.9
    All organisational structures22 89613.38.37.73.0
    Private limited company and public limited company (ASA)22 05213.58.47.83.1
    Sole proprietorship (ENK)2564.35.51.60.4
    Other organisational structures5888.26.16.01.5
    Explanation of symbols
  • Gazelles by growth in turnover and number of employees by industrial actvity and legal form
    Gazelles by growth in turnover and number of employees by industrial actvity and legal form
    2021Number of 4 and 5 years old enterprises with 10+ employees in t-3Per cent gazelles measured in growth in turnoverPer cent gazelles measured in growth in number of employees
    All industries92821.910.0
    Manufacturing, mining and quarrying7031.418.6
    Electricity, water supply, sewerage, waste management128.316.7
    Construction17032.413.5
    Wholesale and retail trade: repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles14717.74.8
    Transportation and storage4910.28.2
    Accommodation and food service activities2199.64.1
    Information and communication5446.322.2
    Real estate activities1526.76.7
    Professional, scientific and technical activities5525.518.2
    Administrative and support service activities9526.310.5
    Arts, entertainment and recreation3013.3..
    Other service activities, activities of households as employers of domestic personnel128.316.7
    All organisational structures92821.910.0
    Private limited company and public limited company (ASA)91622.110.2
    Sole proprietorship (ENK)6....
    Other organisational structures616.7..
    Explanation of symbols

About the statistics

Newly established enterprises, survival and growth presents the survival and growth of newly-established enterprises by economic activity, legal form, county, municipality and size class. The statistics follows the newly-established enterprise for a period of five years.

Enterprise: In Standard for Industrial Classification (SN) an enterprise is defined as an organisational unit comprising all economic activities engaged in by one and the same owner. Hence an enterprise is a legal entity covering one or more productive units.

Establishment: In SN an establishment is defined as a local kind of activity unit, which mainly is conducting activities within a special industry group.

New enterprise: A new enterprise in a given period is an enterprise registered with dates that indicate startup in this period. The registration of a legal unit in the ER counts as a new registration if the registered information assumes that the unit is to be operated as an industrial activity.

Newly established enterprises: The number of new established enterprises is the number of a new enterprises corrected for the change of ownership. That is – new enterprises that take over existing activities are not counted as new established enterprises, but only as new enterprises.

Survival: A newly established enterprise in year t is considered to have survived in t+n (n>=1) if it is active in terms of turnover and/or employment in any part of t+n. This means the enterprise will be found in the annual population (of active enterprises) in t+n. Two kinds of survival can be distinguished: 1. Direct survival. A new established enterprise in year t has survived directly in t+n (n>=1) if the enterprise is active in terms of turnover or employment in t+n. 2. Survival by take-over. A new established enterprise is also considered survived if it has ceased to be active, but its activity has been taken over by another new enterprise set up specifically to take over the factors of production of the first enterprise. Newly established enterprises which are merged or taken over by an existing enterprise (not a new one) are not considered to have survived. The newly established enterprise will keep its economic activity code, size class and legal form of the year of registration of the enterprise.

"Sleeping" enterprises: Newly established enterprises in t that did not have any sign of acitivity in t+1, but were active in t+2.

Growth: Growth in survived enterprises is measured in the number of persons employed. Some of the new established enterprises may not have any registered activity in the year of registration. As a result the number of employees in year t will be low and the growth in t+1 large.

High growth enterprises: High growth enterprises are enterprises which have an average annual growth of 20 per cent or more over a period of 3 years. Growth is measured in both turnover and employment. The enterprises must have had 10 or more employees at the beginning of the growth period.

Gazelles: Gazelles are high growth enterprises which are 4 or 5 years old. Gazelles are enterprises with an average annual growth of 20 per cent or more over a period of 3 years and which are 4 or 5 years old at the end of the growth period. Growth is measured in both turnover and employement. The enterprises must have had 10 or more employees at the beginning of the growth period.

Employees: The number of employees comprises all persons that work for the employer more than 4 hours a week. Population, additions/dropouts show the number of employees at the time of counting. In the stock of enterprises, numbers of employees refers to the time of counting. For new enterprises, the number of employees refers 1st January and 1st September the following year. For enterprise drop outs, number of employees refers to 1st January of the year of drop out. Persons with more than one job may have been counted as employed in several industries.

Employment (Persons employed): All employees and owners make up the employment. The figures show an average number of employees at the end of 5 selected months in the year, and may deviate from what is published in the Labour Force Survey (AKU) and the National Accounts (NR) because sources and average calculations differ. In industries where employment cannot be collected through the data collection for the SBS, the number of employees is calculated based on number of employees in the CRE. Persons with more than one type of employment may be counted as employed in several industries.

Turnover: Turnover is defined as the sum of remuneration of sale to customers, sale of commercial goods and gross income from other industry activities. The turnover includes rental income and commissions receivable, but not public assistance or gain by sale of fixed assets. VAT is not included in the figures. In certain industries the turnover concept is not clearly defined, and for these industries the turnover is not published. This concerns financial industries and insurance (industries 64, 65 and 66), education (industry 85) and health and social work (industry 86, 87 and 88). For units in industries that are included in the SBS the turnover is collected from these. In other industries the turnover is collected from administrative sources (VAT or annual accounts).

Legal form: Type of organisation in the ER. A distinction is made between among other things individual enterprise, limited liability company and general partnership.

Standard for Industrial Classification SN2007 Current Standard for Industrial Classification (SN2007) in SN, based on the EU's standards NACE Rev. 2. The standard can be found on www.ssb.no/nace/.

Name: Newly established enterprises, survival and growth
Topic: Establishments, enterprises and accounts

26 June 2023

Division for Business Dynamics Statistics

National, county and municpiality level.

Annually.

Eurostat

Micro data, information about sampling units and population are permanently stored in SAS Programming Language and permanently stored as text files.

The first release was in October 2004.

Public authorities, research institutions and industry use the statistics.

No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 08 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given inthe Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.

The figures for level that are presented will deviate from the number of legal units in the ER, and may on industrial level deviate from what is presented in the structure statistics. The deviation in relation to the ER is mainly caused by the fact that the ER comprises all legal units –also the ones not conducting industrial activities. The annual populations (t-1) and the figures for year t are coordinated with the structural statistics by – for the industries that are included in the structure statistics – only comprise enterprises that in the statistical year have had turnover and employment or only turnover. The population figures per year t+1 also comprise new enterprises in year t that continue to be registered at the beginning of t+1. Since discontinuances often are registered after the facts, this figure may be too high.

The population of newly established enterprises in year t is identical to the population of newly established enterprises in the statistics on new enterprises in t. The survived enterprises in t+n will be found in the annual population in t+n and also in the stock of enterprises as of 1.1. year t+n. Since the survived enterprises may have ceased to exist during year t+n they may not be found in the stock of enterprises in t+n+1. In this case, the enterprises will be in the population of enterprise drop-outs in t+n. The definition of survival closely follows Eurostat's business demography definition of survial.

Not relevant

Not relevant

The statistics comprise all industries according to NACE standards except public administration and defense (industry 84) and the primary industries (01, 02 and 03). The statistics on survival and growth is based on the populations of new established enterprises published in the statistics on new enterprises. Only enterprises with information indicating that industrial activities will take place are counted as new registrations and new businesses in the statistical year. This means that certain types of organisations are excluded from the statistics. This pertains to new registrations of Norwegian sections of foreign enterprises (NUF) and voluntary organisations (FLI) that are not registered in the National Register of Business Enterprises in Brønnøysund (FR). Business enterprises within these organisation types are required to register in the FR. With the exception of pension funds, enterprises with the legal form Another legal person (ANNA) are also excluded from the newly registered ones. The same is the case for other legal units that evidently only are registered because of a need for an organisation number. Enterprises are included in the annual population if they are registered with active operations in Norway in the statistical year. The statistics are further demarcated in relation to public and social security administration, counties, municipalities, i.e. enterprises with institutional sector code 6100 (public and social security administration), 6500 (municipalities) or (counties). Enterprises within this section of public administration (administration and services) are not included in the statistics even if they formally are supposed to conduct activities that sort under industries included in the statistics. For industries that are characterised by a mixture of public and private services, the population may seem insufficient since public services are excluded from the statistics. This is especially the case for power and water supply (industries 35 and 36), education (industry 85) and health and social work (industry 86, 87 and 88). The Central Bank of Norway, public lending institutions, enterprises within public business operations, publicly owned enterprises, municipal business operations and independent municipal enterprises, i.e. enterprises with sector codes 3100, 3900, 1110, 1120, 1510 and1520, are included in the statistics if they conduct activities within the industries that are covered by the statistics. In theory this is also the case for enterprises within all other institutional sectors.

The Central Coordinating Register of Legal Entities (ER) and the Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises (CRE). The number of employees from the Register for Employer/Employees. Turnover and employment are collected through SN's structure business statistics (SBS) surveys and from administrative sources. Furthermore, data are collected from SBS and from other administrative registers such as data from VAT, accounting data and income tax returns from independent businesses in order to limit the population in relation to enterprises that in reality have ceased to exist.

CRE is presently a comprehensive register and quality is ensured in relation to population and basic characteristics like addresses, legal form and industry codes.

Not relevant

Not relevant

In the 2003 annual population the methodology for calculating turnover and employment has been revised for industrial activities not included in the structural business statistics. These changes affect enterprises within the activites 65-67 and 80-99, but also enterprises within activities 10-41 that are not included in the structural business statistics (sole propritorships and enterprises with less than 0.5 persons employed). As a consequence, there is a decrease in the number of enterprises and persons employed for the year 2003 as compared with 2002.

The statistics are based on statistical and administrative sources. Several administrative sources are instrumental in the work with updating the CRE, and are used both to define the population and to collect characteristics and information: The ER in Brønnøysund, the VAT register and the AA register are used to collect information about the units. This may cause register errors that may affect the uncertainty of the statistics. A possible Source of errors is out of date information caused by lags in the registration. Such lags are caused by the fact that changes are often registered some time after they have occurred. The consequence is that the registers are not updated at all times, something that may lead to using outdated information as basis for the statistics. In connection with new registrations the respondent is to state whether this is a new activity or a change in ownership. In cases where such information is lacking a duplicate check against existing enterprises is carried out – in order to identify possible ownership changes. All changes are not intercepted in these routines, and the number of new establishment is assumed to be somewhat high seen in relation to the number of new registrations.

Not relevant

Contact

Håkon Frøysa Skullerud

hakon.skullerud@ssb.no

(+47) 41 43 59 39