Monthly updates of the National Accounts are postponed until November 2025. In the meantime, monthly data series will be published every three months together with quarterly national accounts.
Statistikk innhold
Statistics on
National accounts
The national accounts provide an overview of the state and development in the Norwegian economy. Key figures are gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, gross investment, exports and imports, employment and wages, profitability in industries and productivity. 1st to 3rd quarter is published with monthly national accounts in May, August and November. 4th quarter will be published February the following year, figures for t-2 in August.
Selected figures from these statistics
- Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volumeDownload table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume1
2023 2024 3rd quarter 2025 July 2025 August 2025 September 2025 Gross domestic product 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.2 1.3 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 Petroleum activities and ocean transport -0.6 4.5 4.4 -0.2 1.9 6.6 Final domestic use of goods and services -0.6 0.3 0.7 -0.1 -1.3 3.0 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISH -1.0 1.3 1.1 1.4 -0.5 -1.2 Final consumption expenditure of general government 4.4 1.8 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) -2.5 -1.4 -1.3 -2.5 -0.2 2.4 Total exports 0.9 6.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 -1.4 Total imports -1.2 5.0 1.1 1.5 -1.2 1.5 Employed persons 1.2 0.7 0.1 Total hours worked 0.3 0.4 0.1 1Figures from 2024 onwards are preliminary. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous periodDownload table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period1
February 2025 March 2025 April 2025 May 2025 June 2025 July 2025 August 2025 September 2025 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs -0.8 0.1 1.1 -0.7 1.0 1.4 -0.5 -1.2 ¬ Household final consumption expenditure -1.2 0.4 0.9 -0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 -0.8 ¬¬ Goods -2.8 1.3 2.5 -0.5 1.1 0.6 0.8 -1.1 ¬¬ Services -0.5 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.2 ¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households 1.0 -1.4 -2.5 -2.4 2.5 1.6 0.5 1.8 ¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents -1.6 3.8 -1.1 3.7 -4.0 3.9 -3.7 8.4 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 6.4 -4.3 5.6 -3.7 2.5 16.9 -13.0 -8.6 Final consumption expenditure of general governmen 0.1 0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government 0.4 0.8 -0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.3 ¬¬¬ Central government, civilian 0.5 0.7 -0.5 0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.3 ¬¬¬ Central government, defence -0.1 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) 1.4 2.1 1.2 0.2 0.7 -2.5 -0.2 2.4 ¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF) -4.0 6.1 8.3 3.7 -3.5 -0.8 1.6 0.6 ¬ Ocean transport (GFCF) -2.4 289.6 -97.3 1 977.9 -62.4 101.6 -18.1 .. ¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF) 2.8 0.7 -0.3 -1.0 2.1 -3.1 -0.7 3.2 ¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF) 0.2 5.1 -5.1 3.1 3.7 -5.0 -0.5 4.7 ¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF) 1.0 2.7 -6.1 4.5 3.9 -6.0 -0.9 6.6 ¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF) 1.1 5.6 -10.2 1.2 -4.6 11.6 -0.5 1.4 ¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF) 0.9 -0.9 -4.0 2.4 4.8 -6.3 -0.4 7.5 ¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF) -1.1 2.4 2.3 1.6 -0.7 3.8 1.0 0.5 ¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF) 3.8 17.6 -19.2 16.2 5.2 -14.2 -4.9 9.1 ¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF) -2.1 11.4 -2.8 -0.2 3.2 -2.5 0.5 0.4 ¬¬¬ General government (GFCF) 9.6 -9.3 12.7 -10.4 -2.0 2.1 -1.1 -0.9 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 4.0 -2.5 1.4 -3.2 -2.2 2.2 -4.9 -0.3 Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies 35.3 449.2 -76.9 .. .. -21.3 .. .. Gross capital formation 1.9 10.6 -6.2 -4.8 5.1 -2.8 -4.2 14.5 Final domestic use of goods and services 0.1 3.0 -1.2 -1.5 1.8 -0.1 -1.3 3.0 Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks) 0.2 0.4 0.5 -0.5 1.0 0.0 -0.4 0.0 Final demand from general government 1.8 -1.4 2.1 -1.8 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 Total exports 2.4 -4.6 4.4 0.2 -1.1 1.8 1.9 -1.4 ¬ Traditional goods (export) -0.1 -0.2 4.2 -4.4 0.3 6.0 5.3 -12.1 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export) 1.7 -6.7 6.9 2.0 -1.1 1.8 1.5 3.4 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export) 544.4 -84.2 74.1 21.8 -74.0 266.1 -35.5 -29.5 ¬ Services (export) 0.4 0.3 -0.7 1.4 -0.8 -4.3 -0.5 2.4 Total use of goods and services 1.0 0.1 0.8 -0.9 0.8 0.6 -0.2 1.4 Total imports 2.2 0.8 0.2 -3.9 1.9 1.5 -1.2 1.5 ¬ Traditional goods (import) 0.8 2.8 -0.4 -3.9 2.3 0.6 -0.3 0.8 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import) 13.6 5.3 -26.9 32.1 6.2 16.5 -51.1 22.6 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import) 150.6 -48.2 117.9 -61.1 -17.3 47.5 -16.9 -17.4 ¬ Services (import) 0.5 0.5 -1.3 -1.1 1.7 1.3 0.2 2.6 Gross domestic product, market values2 0.6 -0.1 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.3 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values2 0.2 -0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 Petroleum activities and ocean transport3 1.7 0.1 2.0 0.7 1.2 -0.2 1.9 6.6 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values 0.3 -0.2 0.7 -0.2 0.1 0.6 -0.5 -0.5 ¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP) 0.2 -0.4 1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -0.6 ¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP) 1.7 0.1 2.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.5 1.7 -2.9 ¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP) -0.9 -0.5 1.1 -0.2 -1.0 2.1 -4.2 2.1 ¬¬ Service activities (GDP) 0.3 -0.4 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.6 0.0 -0.8 ¬ General government (GDP) 0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 Taxes and subsidies products -0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.6 -0.4 0.1 0.2 1Figures from 2024 onwards are preliminary 2Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices 3Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volumeDownload table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume1 2
December 2024 - February 2025 January 2025 - March 2025 February 2025 - April 2025 March 2025 - May 2025 April 2025 - June 2025 May 2025 - July 2025 June 2025 - August 2025 July 2025 - September 2025 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.1 ¬ Household final consumption expenditure 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.9 ¬¬ Goods 0.5 1.1 0.5 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 1.3 ¬¬ Services 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 ¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households 3.4 1.2 -0.5 -3.6 -3.8 -2.3 1.3 3.4 ¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents -1.0 -5.2 -3.0 1.7 1.9 2.7 -0.7 2.5 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 7.9 0.3 0.7 -1.6 3.0 5.8 8.2 4.3 Final consumption expenditure of general governmen 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.1 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 ¬¬¬ Central government, civilian 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 ¬¬¬ Central government, defence 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.4 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) -2.8 -5.8 -1.7 1.0 3.4 1.3 -0.5 -1.3 ¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF) -1.6 -6.4 -0.8 7.2 12.5 8.5 1.4 -0.7 ¬ Ocean transport (GFCF) -52.3 -91.0 -83.1 -69.2 -47.8 -7.3 -38.2 -28.9 ¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF) -2.4 -3.8 -1.1 -0.2 1.1 -0.6 -1.0 -1.5 ¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF) -3.5 -0.9 0.4 2.5 1.4 1.9 0.3 -0.5 ¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF) -3.1 -1.5 -0.7 0.6 0.1 1.6 0.2 -0.7 ¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF) -23.9 -29.4 -22.1 -14.5 -7.2 -3.5 -0.3 8.7 ¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF) -3.3 -3.0 -2.3 -1.8 -1.2 0.3 0.5 -0.4 ¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF) -3.2 -5.8 -2.4 1.6 4.4 4.8 4.0 4.8 ¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF) 1.0 14.4 10.9 11.9 2.5 4.4 -3.8 -7.3 ¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF) -4.4 0.4 3.4 7.6 4.6 2.7 0.6 0.0 ¬¬¬ General government (GFCF) 0.3 -10.2 -4.6 -6.5 0.6 -6.8 -4.4 -4.1 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 14.2 15.3 10.7 2.1 -2.0 -3.9 -4.0 -3.7 Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies -140.6 -375.5 -398.2 -2 979.5 -91.0 -99.4 -99.3 495.8 Gross capital formation -3.1 0.2 4.9 4.4 -0.8 -3.4 -3.7 0.7 Final domestic use of goods and services -0.3 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.7 Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks) 0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.2 Final demand from general government 0.3 -1.6 -0.4 -0.7 0.5 -1.0 -0.7 -0.8 Total exports 1.3 -0.9 -0.1 -0.6 1.7 1.4 2.3 1.9 ¬ Traditional goods (export) -1.7 -0.7 0.3 1.6 1.1 0.3 4.5 3.9 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export) 1.7 -2.4 -1.5 -1.3 3.7 4.1 4.2 3.9 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export) 207.2 43.3 61.2 -56.8 -46.9 -48.2 -20.3 -3.9 ¬ Services (export) 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 -0.8 -3.0 -3.9 Total use of goods and services 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.7 1.1 Total imports 0.0 -1.4 0.9 -0.3 -0.5 -1.7 -0.1 1.1 ¬ Traditional goods (import) -0.8 1.6 3.1 2.3 -0.2 -1.6 -0.2 0.9 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import) 10.6 27.4 30.8 6.5 -2.3 18.8 3.9 -8.4 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import) 11.2 -64.0 -37.6 -47.5 0.7 -49.5 -35.7 -30.2 ¬ Services (import) 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.9 -0.9 -0.2 1.5 3.1 Gross domestic product, market values3 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 Petroleum activities and ocean transport4 0.5 -0.5 1.5 2.4 3.6 2.9 2.9 4.4 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 ¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP) 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 ¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP) 2.1 1.1 2.1 2.0 2.6 0.7 0.3 -0.7 ¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP) 0.2 3.4 2.4 1.2 0.0 0.4 -0.8 -0.8 ¬¬ Service activities (GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 ¬ General government (GDP) 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 Taxes and subsidies products -0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 1Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry 2Rolling three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period, for example growth in May to July compared with February to April. Furthermore, March, June, September and December represent the quarters in a year. For example, March will represent the first quarter. 3Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices. 4Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK millionDownload table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK million1
2023 2024 3rd quarter 2024 4th quarter 2024 1st quarter 2025 2nd quarter 2025 3rd quarter 2025 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs 2 111 037 2 210 592 541 776 584 615 555 129 586 558 571 156 ¬ Household final consumption expenditure 1 988 969 2 082 722 510 095 551 155 522 719 552 265 537 923 ¬¬ Goods 806 746 831 613 200 135 230 407 199 465 225 074 218 645 ¬¬ Services 1 100 624 1 162 524 288 790 296 108 304 595 304 428 302 976 ¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households 150 784 170 141 54 193 39 777 35 993 46 971 57 006 ¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents -69 185 -81 556 -33 023 -15 137 -17 334 -24 208 -40 703 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 122 068 127 871 31 681 33 460 32 410 34 293 33 234 Final consumption expenditure of general governmen 1 124 028 1 187 828 295 312 301 320 302 349 319 494 309 150 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government 570 294 608 963 149 982 157 025 155 153 165 765 159 089 ¬¬¬ Central government, civilian 499 587 529 485 130 489 136 053 134 512 142 672 137 537 ¬¬¬ Central government, defence 70 707 79 477 19 494 20 972 20 641 23 093 21 552 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government 553 734 578 865 145 330 144 295 147 196 153 730 150 061 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) 1 197 784 1 235 612 307 266 349 896 288 934 321 014 309 948 ¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF) 233 063 259 346 65 314 70 965 63 022 73 108 71 053 ¬ Ocean transport (GFCF) 21 394 9 505 2 719 5 622 492 289 190 ¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF) 943 327 966 762 239 234 273 309 225 420 247 616 238 704 ¬¬ Industries (GFCF) 453 443 479 034 116 649 130 920 119 641 128 496 120 591 ¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF) 4 178 10 556 3 462 2 866 1 789 1 802 2 154 ¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF) 300 822 319 857 77 181 86 948 82 860 85 149 79 756 ¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF) 70 904 73 287 16 859 21 483 16 239 18 531 18 481 ¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF) 77 539 75 334 19 148 19 622 18 753 23 013 20 200 ¬¬ welling service (households) (GFCF) 227 529 198 921 49 242 47 755 49 163 51 770 51 557 ¬¬ General government (GFCF) 262 355 288 807 73 343 94 634 56 616 67 351 66 557 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 279 311 76 81 80 84 80 Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies 54 355 35 601 18 194 -13 362 47 733 -21 026 -1 359 Gross capital formation 1 252 418 1 271 524 325 536 336 615 336 747 300 072 308 669 Final domestic use of goods and services 4 487 483 4 669 944 1 162 624 1 222 549 1 194 225 1 206 124 1 188 976 Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks) 4 178 392 4 365 182 1 076 321 1 159 243 1 082 898 1 153 669 1 119 011 Final demand from general government 1 386 383 1 476 635 368 655 395 954 358 965 386 845 375 707 Total exports 2 461 728 2 475 143 603 768 666 257 667 441 585 066 603 941 ¬ Traditional goods (export) 658 588 671 680 164 040 182 668 176 283 169 257 180 238 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export) 1 225 902 1 169 314 271 064 318 705 333 759 255 018 248 186 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export) 9 090 12 115 2 258 3 740 5 859 3 136 3 087 ¬ Services (export) 568 148 622 034 166 406 161 144 151 540 157 655 172 430 Total use of goods and services 6 949 211 7 145 087 1 766 392 1 888 806 1 861 665 1 791 190 1 792 917 Total imports 1 644 313 1 777 659 462 778 469 081 433 996 457 854 465 327 ¬ Traditional goods (import) 995 452 1 026 377 259 403 268 057 256 977 267 403 264 415 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import) 26 440 20 744 7 789 4 487 5 552 3 897 5 106 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import) 31 733 41 163 9 835 18 972 7 205 7 267 4 571 ¬ Services (import) 590 688 689 375 185 751 177 565 164 262 179 287 191 235 Gross domestic product, market values2 5 304 898 5 367 428 1 303 614 1 419 725 1 427 670 1 333 336 1 327 590 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values2 4 021 628 4 186 896 1 020 999 1 086 566 1 090 158 1 090 332 1 065 791 Petroleum activities and ocean transport3 1 283 270 1 180 532 282 614 333 159 337 512 243 005 261 799 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values 3 568 749 3 712 624 903 730 958 789 977 085 967 071 944 225 ¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP) 2 731 878 2 818 330 680 918 731 831 750 270 723 434 709 802 ¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP) 306 557 313 252 79 249 78 330 82 199 86 752 77 929 ¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP) 469 025 445 510 104 973 116 207 127 761 101 528 114 683 ¬¬ Service activities (GDP) 1 956 296 2 059 568 496 696 537 294 540 311 535 155 517 190 ¬ General government (GDP) 836 871 894 294 222 812 226 958 226 815 243 637 234 423 Taxes and subsidies products 452 879 474 272 117 269 127 777 113 072 123 261 121 566 1Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry 2Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices 3Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Makroøkonomiske hovedstørrelser. Kvartal og år. Faste 2023-priser. Millioner kronerDownload table as ...Makroøkonomiske hovedstørrelser. Kvartal og år. Faste 2023-priser. Millioner kroner1
2023 2024 3. kvartal 2024 4. kvartal 2024 1. kvartal 2025 2. kvartal 2025 3. kvartal 2025 Konsum i husholdninger og ideelle organisasjoner 1 833 619 1 854 873 525 627 562 695 521 604 549 497 535 666 ¬ Konsum i husholdninger 1 722 706 1 744 264 494 756 530 950 490 582 517 429 504 178 ¬¬ Varekonsum 789 237 795 708 196 164 225 669 192 658 215 653 207 193 ¬¬ Tjenestekonsum 860 089 873 261 278 848 282 346 280 626 280 906 282 077 ¬¬ Husholdningenes kjøp i utlandet 139 944 151 261 51 390 37 443 33 830 43 740 52 599 ¬¬ Utlendingers kjøp i Norge -66 564 -75 966 -31 646 -14 508 -16 532 -22 870 -37 691 ¬ Konsum i ideelle organisasjoner 110 914 110 609 30 871 31 745 31 022 32 068 31 488 Konsum i offentlig forvaltning 1 069 465 1 095 563 287 042 288 858 287 358 290 129 290 286 ¬ Konsum i statsforvaltningen 536 363 553 521 146 407 148 656 148 893 149 995 149 733 ¬¬¬ Konsum i statsforvaltningen, sivilt 469 856 481 945 127 089 128 939 128 809 129 642 129 059 ¬¬¬ Konsum i statsforvaltningen, forsvar 66 508 71 576 19 318 19 717 20 084 20 352 20 674 ¬ Konsum i kommuneforvaltningen 533 102 542 042 140 635 140 202 138 465 140 134 140 554 Bruttoinvestering i fast realkapital 1 037 174 1 017 333 294 469 329 678 269 676 295 904 288 434 ¬ Utvinning og rørtransport (bruttoinvestering) 196 487 215 355 62 310 65 423 58 066 66 660 67 340 ¬ Utenriks sjøfart (bruttoinvestering) 2 426 5 180 2 735 5 190 456 280 174 ¬ Fastlands-Norge (bruttoinvestering) 838 260 796 799 229 424 259 065 211 154 228 965 220 921 ¬¬Næringer (bruttoinvestering) 394 416 381 252 111 964 123 994 111 981 119 392 112 243 ¬¬¬ Tjenester tilknyttet utvinning (bruttoinvestering) 7 379 11 083 3 316 2 686 1 665 1 662 2 007 ¬¬¬ Andre tjenester (bruttoinvestering) 246 162 232 513 74 158 82 375 77 575 79 057 74 245 ¬¬¬ Industri og bergverk (bruttoinvestering) 62 776 61 985 16 177 20 343 15 210 17 224 17 211 ¬¬¬ Annen vareproduksjon (bruttoinvestering) 78 100 75 671 18 314 18 589 17 532 21 449 18 779 ¬¬ Boliger (husholdninger) (bruttoinvestering) 193 926 156 802 47 139 45 504 46 270 47 640 47 260 ¬¬ Offentlig forvaltning (bruttoinvestering) 249 918 258 744 70 321 89 567 52 903 61 933 61 418 Anskaffelser minus avhendelse av verdigjenstander 625 663 70 74 72 75 71 Lagerendring og statistiske avvik 130 873 99 259 17 164 -9 194 47 044 -27 077 4 105 Bruttoinvestering i alt 1 168 671 1 117 255 311 703 320 558 316 792 268 902 292 611 Innenlandsk sluttanvendelse 4 071 756 4 067 691 1 124 371 1 172 111 1 125 754 1 108 528 1 118 564 Etterspørsel fra Fastlands-Norge (ekskl. lagerendring) 3 741 345 3 747 235 1 042 092 1 110 618 1 020 117 1 068 591 1 046 874 Etterspørsel fra offentlig forvaltning 1 319 383 1 354 308 357 362 378 425 340 261 352 061 351 704 Eksport i alt 3 195 748 3 376 354 644 273 662 915 641 059 660 340 675 670 ¬ Tradisjonelle varer (eksport) 665 047 677 796 171 823 185 029 167 987 171 379 186 381 ¬ Råolje og naturgass (eksport) 1 979 595 2 127 198 298 834 319 587 314 090 311 573 312 406 ¬ Skip, plattformer og fly (eksport) 7 131 9 180 2 123 3 649 5 228 2 778 2 671 ¬ Tjenester (eksport) 543 974 562 179 171 493 154 649 153 753 174 610 174 211 Samlet sluttanvendelse 7 267 504 7 444 045 1 768 644 1 835 026 1 766 813 1 768 868 1 794 233 Import i alt 1 530 464 1 586 503 453 788 445 639 412 186 440 788 452 243 ¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import) 941 065 974 573 258 383 260 778 249 312 264 076 260 909 ¬ Råolje og naturgass (import) 26 769 22 459 8 377 5 050 6 260 5 057 6 641 ¬ Skip, plattformer og fly (import) 27 710 31 235 9 564 16 983 6 120 6 163 4 300 ¬ Tjenester (import) 534 919 558 235 177 463 162 828 150 494 165 492 180 393 Bruttonasjonalprodukt, markedsverdi2 5 737 040 5 857 542 1 314 856 1 389 387 1 354 627 1 328 081 1 341 990 Bruttonasjonalprodukt Fastlands-Norge, markedsverdi2 3 702 837 3 723 855 995 045 1 050 281 1 023 443 1 008 398 1 007 921 Oljevirksomhet og utenriks sjøfart 2 034 203 2 133 688 319 811 339 105 331 184 319 683 334 069 Bruttoprodukt Fastlands-Norge, basisverdi 3 287 580 3 314 965 883 607 930 316 916 652 893 878 895 905 ¬ Fastlands-Norge utenom offentlig forvaltning (bruttoprodukt) 2 487 932 2 498 715 669 900 715 374 702 199 677 209 680 014 ¬¬ Industri og bergverk (bruttoprodukt) 286 615 291 345 75 754 80 876 81 087 80 976 78 166 ¬¬ Annen vareproduksjon (bruttoprodukt) 537 019 530 874 116 211 121 795 121 707 103 667 116 753 ¬¬ Tjenester inkl. boligtjenester (bruttoprodukt) 1 664 298 1 676 497 477 935 512 702 499 405 492 567 485 096 ¬ Offentlig forvaltning (bruttoprodukt) 799 648 816 250 213 706 214 942 214 452 216 669 215 891 Produktavgifter og -subsidier 415 256 408 890 111 438 119 966 106 792 114 520 112 016 1Tall fra og med 2024 er foreløpige 2Bruttonasjonalprodukt er målt i markedsverdi, mens bruttoprodukt i næringer er målt i basisverdi. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous yearDownload table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year1
2023 2024 3rd quarter 2024 4th quarter 2024 1st quarter 2025 2nd quarter 2025 3rd quarter 2025 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs -1.0 1.3 2.8 2.5 3.0 1.2 1.9 ¬ Household final consumption expenditure -1.4 1.3 2.4 2.6 2.9 1.1 1.9 ¬¬ Goods -5.4 1.1 1.6 2.8 3.7 3.6 5.6 ¬¬ Services 2.1 1.2 2.4 2.4 2.7 0.5 1.2 ¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households 4.9 8.1 10.0 13.3 6.6 3.0 2.4 ¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents 17.8 13.7 8.5 31.5 16.1 25.2 19.1 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 5.2 1.6 8.5 -0.1 3.1 2.5 2.0 Final consumption expenditure of general governmen 4.4 1.8 1.7 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.1 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government 6.4 2.8 2.8 1.0 2.6 2.6 2.3 ¬¬¬ Central government, civilian 6.5 2.1 2.0 -0.2 1.8 1.8 1.5 ¬¬¬ Central government, defence 6.1 8.1 8.3 9.3 8.2 8.2 7.0 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government 2.3 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 -0.1 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) -2.5 -1.4 0.0 1.9 1.5 1.6 -2.0 ¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF) 12.7 4.8 0.7 0.8 5.2 8.6 8.1 ¬ Ocean transport (GFCF) 7.8 -57.9 -76.2 399.3 116.3 -67.9 -93.6 ¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF) -5.9 -1.7 3.8 0.5 0.4 0.0 -3.7 ¬¬ Industries (GFCF) -8.6 1.3 5.5 3.9 6.0 1.5 0.2 ¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF) -36.4 140.8 245.0 118.7 -10.9 -24.1 -39.5 ¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF) -11.0 2.0 5.5 9.3 7.6 1.2 0.1 ¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF) -5.3 -1.0 -0.9 -4.1 -7.4 -0.3 6.4 ¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF) 1.0 -6.9 -1.2 -13.9 14.7 7.4 2.5 ¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF) -9.6 -15.8 -12.7 -13.9 -8.3 -2.0 0.3 ¬¬ General government (GFCF) 3.3 5.5 15.4 4.7 -2.5 -1.3 -12.7 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 26.3 2.8 5.8 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.0 Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies -27.0 -31.4 .. .. 5.8 .. -76.1 Gross capital formation -4.2 -2.7 12.7 -2.5 2.1 -2.6 -6.1 Final domestic use of goods and services -0.6 0.3 5.1 0.6 2.4 0.3 -0.5 Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks) -0.8 0.8 2.7 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 Final demand from general government 4.2 2.5 4.1 1.6 1.0 1.1 -1.6 Total exports 0.9 6.0 4.2 3.3 1.7 -1.7 4.9 ¬ Traditional goods (export) 4.3 3.4 4.7 5.2 6.0 3.6 8.5 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export) -0.6 4.9 2.1 -2.5 -4.5 -8.0 4.5 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export) -31.2 30.4 -58.1 257.1 63.9 -4.0 25.8 ¬ Services (export) 3.3 11.1 9.7 12.8 9.8 5.9 1.6 Total use of goods and services 0.0 2.3 4.8 1.6 2.1 -0.4 1.4 Total imports -1.2 5.0 10.0 7.3 6.5 0.2 -0.3 ¬ Traditional goods (import) -6.2 2.2 7.9 4.1 7.6 -1.0 1.0 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import) 2.9 -13.9 23.4 -21.6 25.1 16.4 -20.7 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import) 3.9 21.0 16.4 128.4 12.3 -3.5 -55.0 ¬ Services (import) 8.3 9.6 12.3 7.9 3.9 2.0 1.7 Gross domestic product, market values2 0.4 1.5 3.1 -0.1 0.9 -0.6 2.1 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values2 0.9 0.5 1.6 0.7 2.9 0.5 1.3 Petroleum activities and ocean transport3 -0.6 4.5 7.8 -2.5 -4.9 -4.2 4.5 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values 1.0 0.7 1.9 0.7 3.1 0.5 1.4 ¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP) 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.5 3.6 0.2 1.5 ¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP) -0.6 1.3 4.0 2.8 6.7 4.0 3.2 ¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP) -3.6 -2.1 0.3 -2.6 3.3 0.4 0.5 ¬¬ Service activities (GDP) 1.6 0.7 1.9 0.9 3.1 -0.5 1.5 ¬ General government (GDP) 3.2 1.9 2.2 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.0 Taxes and subsidies products 0.2 -0.4 -0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 1Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry 2Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices. 3Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous yearDownload table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous year1
2023 2024 3rd quarter 2024 4th quarter 2024 1st quarter 2025 2nd quarter 2025 3rd quarter 2025 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs 5.3 3.4 3.3 2.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 ¬ Household final consumption expenditure 5.0 3.4 3.4 2.3 3.2 3.2 3.5 ¬¬ Goods 4.4 1.9 1.9 1.1 2.1 2.1 3.4 ¬¬ Services 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.7 ¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households 16.9 4.4 3.7 -0.3 4.8 3.8 2.8 ¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents 6.9 3.7 3.2 2.8 3.4 2.0 3.5 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 10.1 3.1 2.4 1.0 3.8 3.1 2.8 Final consumption expenditure of general governmen 3.0 3.8 3.9 2.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government 1.6 3.9 4.5 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.7 ¬¬¬ Central government, civilian 1.0 3.8 4.6 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.8 ¬¬¬ Central government, defence 6.0 4.0 3.6 1.5 2.8 4.3 3.3 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government 4.4 3.8 3.4 2.2 3.6 3.2 3.3 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) 6.0 4.6 6.4 3.6 4.4 3.3 3.0 ¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF) 4.7 6.2 6.5 4.9 4.3 2.5 0.7 ¬ Ocean transport (GFCF) 9.5 5.5 50.7 -62.7 4.4 -4.6 10.0 ¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF) 6.2 4.2 4.7 4.0 4.4 3.6 3.6 ¬¬ Industries (GFCF) 7.3 4.3 5.1 4.8 4.1 2.9 3.1 ¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF) 10.2 4.9 7.0 -7.3 4.1 3.3 2.7 ¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF) 7.0 4.3 5.7 4.6 4.2 2.9 3.2 ¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF) 8.4 4.4 5.3 6.0 3.8 3.0 3.0 ¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF) 7.8 4.4 3.0 4.9 4.3 2.5 2.9 ¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF) 4.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4 ¬¬ General government (GFCF) 5.4 4.3 4.4 2.8 4.7 4.3 3.9 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 45.3 8.4 10.9 6.4 3.6 3.2 3.4 Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies -14.2 -4.5 20.9 -7.3 2.4 -11.5 .. Gross capital formation 4.9 4.3 5.8 1.7 4.1 5.3 1.0 Final domestic use of goods and services 4.6 3.8 4.1 2.2 3.5 3.8 2.8 Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks) 4.8 3.7 3.8 2.7 3.5 3.4 3.5 Final demand from general government 3.4 3.9 4.0 2.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 Total exports -23.3 -5.2 -1.4 -0.2 14.2 -5.6 -4.6 ¬ Traditional goods (export) -0.1 -1.3 -0.7 1.4 5.3 -2.2 1.3 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export) -38.8 -9.1 -2.6 -0.7 27.2 -9.1 -12.4 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export) 10.4 2.2 16.0 -17.4 20.9 3.4 8.7 ¬ Services (export) 5.7 -1.4 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 -4.3 2.0 Total use of goods and services -7.4 0.5 2.2 1.3 7.1 0.6 0.1 Total imports 6.4 3.0 3.7 2.9 3.6 0.9 0.9 ¬ Traditional goods (import) 5.9 0.9 2.3 0.8 3.9 0.4 0.9 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import) -1.1 -8.9 -7.3 -14.0 -2.6 -14.4 -17.3 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import) 9.8 7.2 5.4 9.6 18.6 8.4 3.4 ¬ Services (import) 7.6 6.5 6.2 6.1 3.0 1.9 1.3 Gross domestic product, market values2 -10.9 -0.3 1.6 0.8 8.2 0.5 -0.2 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values2 3.1 3.6 4.0 2.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 Petroleum activities and ocean transport3 -37.6 -12.0 -5.9 -4.1 25.2 -9.8 -11.3 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values 2.7 3.4 3.8 2.3 3.4 3.0 3.0 ¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP) 2.4 2.9 3.5 2.1 3.3 2.5 2.7 ¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP) 6.2 0.9 0.4 -0.9 2.8 3.3 -4.7 ¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP) -9.9 -3.0 -0.2 -2.5 1.2 -1.0 8.7 ¬¬ Service activities (GDP) 5.3 4.6 4.7 3.6 3.9 3.1 2.6 ¬ General government (GDP) 3.8 4.9 4.8 3.0 3.9 4.3 4.1 Taxes and subsidies products 6.4 5.1 5.8 3.2 2.9 1.9 3.1 1Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry 2Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices. 3Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK millionDownload table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK million1
2023 2024 3rd quarter 2024 4th quarter 2024 1st quarter 2025 2nd quarter 2025 3rd quarter 2025 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs 2 111 037 2 210 592 557 645 559 684 572 881 579 749 592 043 ¬ Household final consumption expenditure 1 988 969 2 082 722 524 094 527 120 540 039 545 761 557 057 ¬¬ Goods 806 746 831 613 206 542 210 505 217 172 222 074 228 106 ¬¬ Services 1 100 624 1 162 524 294 255 296 938 300 538 304 030 308 139 ¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households 150 784 170 141 43 532 44 408 45 999 43 780 45 765 ¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents -69 185 -81 556 -20 235 -24 731 -23 670 -24 124 -24 953 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 122 068 127 871 33 551 32 564 32 842 33 988 34 986 Final consumption expenditure of general governmen 1 124 028 1 187 828 299 517 301 349 306 961 310 462 313 567 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government 570 294 608 963 153 660 154 616 157 987 161 494 162 976 ¬¬¬ Central government, civilian 499 587 529 485 133 481 134 081 136 701 139 368 140 657 ¬¬¬ Central government, defence 70 707 79 477 20 180 20 535 21 286 22 126 22 318 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government 553 734 578 865 145 857 146 733 148 974 148 968 150 591 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) 1 197 784 1 235 612 313 328 323 972 307 803 322 067 315 957 ¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF) 233 063 259 346 65 099 69 070 64 839 73 390 70 918 ¬ Ocean transport (GFCF) 21 394 9 505 2 722 5 649 502 248 194 ¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF) 943 327 966 762 245 507 249 252 242 462 248 429 244 845 ¬¬ Industries (GFCF) 453 443 479 034 120 521 124 665 124 355 125 960 124 765 ¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF) 4 178 10 556 3 354 2 754 1 996 1 840 2 013 ¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF) 300 822 319 857 80 002 84 906 83 578 83 538 82 775 ¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF) 70 904 73 287 18 005 18 586 17 707 18 804 19 660 ¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF) 77 539 75 334 19 159 18 420 21 074 21 777 20 318 ¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF) 227 529 198 921 49 675 47 896 48 673 51 686 51 934 ¬¬ General government (GFCF) 262 355 288 807 75 311 76 691 69 434 70 784 68 145 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 279 311 81 78 80 82 85 Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies 54 355 35 601 30 472 -4 556 9 069 -3 755 6 784 Gross capital formation 1 252 418 1 271 524 343 880 319 494 316 952 318 394 322 825 Final domestic use of goods and services 4 487 483 4 669 944 1 201 043 1 180 527 1 196 794 1 208 604 1 228 435 Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks) 4 178 392 4 365 182 1 102 669 1 110 286 1 122 304 1 138 640 1 150 454 Final demand from general government 1 386 383 1 476 635 374 829 378 040 376 395 381 246 381 712 Total exports 2 461 728 2 475 143 601 110 639 178 672 973 609 858 604 704 ¬ Traditional goods (export) 658 588 671 680 166 009 175 866 178 073 172 076 182 433 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export) 1 225 902 1 169 314 277 130 295 243 326 746 277 329 260 021 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export) 9 090 12 115 2 258 3 740 5 859 3 136 3 087 ¬ Services (export) 568 148 622 034 155 713 164 329 162 294 157 317 159 162 Total use of goods and services 6 949 211 7 145 087 1 802 153 1 819 705 1 869 767 1 818 462 1 833 139 Total imports 1 644 313 1 777 659 453 838 462 442 457 694 450 805 455 703 ¬ Traditional goods (import) 995 452 1 026 377 261 479 260 747 266 911 263 217 266 391 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import) 26 440 20 744 6 859 4 200 5 404 4 991 4 096 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import) 31 733 41 163 9 835 18 972 7 205 7 267 4 571 ¬ Services (import) 590 688 689 375 175 665 178 523 178 174 175 329 180 644 Gross domestic product, market values 5 304 898 5 367 428 1 348 316 1 357 264 1 412 073 1 367 657 1 377 437 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values 4 021 628 4 186 896 1 056 472 1 059 435 1 084 658 1 094 792 1 103 153 Petroleum activities and ocean transport2 1 283 270 1 180 532 291 844 297 828 327 415 272 865 274 284 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values 3 568 749 3 712 624 937 689 938 710 963 303 973 079 979 993 ¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP) 2 731 878 2 818 330 711 825 711 092 731 512 738 304 742 334 ¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP) 306 557 313 252 81 708 78 519 82 719 86 519 80 466 ¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP) 469 025 445 510 108 528 108 975 118 130 114 680 120 091 ¬¬ Service activities (GDP) 1 956 296 2 059 568 521 588 523 598 530 663 537 106 541 778 ¬ General government (GDP) 836 871 894 294 225 864 227 618 231 791 234 774 237 659 Taxes and subsidies products 452 879 474 272 118 783 120 725 121 355 121 713 123 159 1Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry 2Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ... - Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.Download table as ...Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.1
2023 2024 3rd quarter 2024 4th quarter 2024 1st quarter 2025 2nd quarter 2025 3rd quarter 2025 Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs -1.0 1.3 0.1 -0.3 0.8 0.8 1.1 ¬ Household final consumption expenditure -1.4 1.3 -0.3 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 ¬¬ Goods -5.4 1.1 -1.6 1.2 1.1 2.4 1.3 ¬¬ Services 2.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.4 ¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households 4.9 8.1 2.4 1.6 1.2 -3.8 3.4 ¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents 17.8 13.7 6.4 20.2 -5.2 1.9 2.5 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 5.2 1.6 5.8 -5.9 0.3 3.0 4.3 Final consumption expenditure of general governmen 4.4 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.4 -0.1 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government 6.4 2.8 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.7 0.2 ¬¬¬ Central government, civilian 6.5 2.1 0.3 -0.2 1.2 0.5 0.1 ¬¬¬ Central government, defence 6.1 8.1 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.2 1.1 ¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government 2.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.4 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) -2.5 -1.4 2.4 1.9 -5.8 3.4 -1.3 ¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF) 12.7 4.8 -0.4 3.6 -6.4 12.5 -0.7 ¬ Ocean transport (GFCF) 7.8 -57.9 225.1 90.6 -91.0 -47.8 -28.9 ¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF) -5.9 -1.7 2.3 0.5 -3.8 1.1 -1.5 ¬¬ Industries (GFCF) -8.6 1.3 0.3 2.5 -1.5 0.1 -0.7 ¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF) -36.4 140.8 44.9 -18.6 -29.4 -7.2 8.7 ¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF) -11.0 2.0 0.4 5.1 -3.0 -1.2 -0.4 ¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF) -5.3 -1.0 -1.2 3.0 -5.8 4.4 4.8 ¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF) 1.0 -6.9 -3.8 -5.0 14.4 2.5 -7.3 ¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF) -9.6 -15.8 -2.2 -4.6 0.4 4.6 0.0 ¬¬ General government (GFCF) 3.3 5.5 9.2 0.5 -10.2 0.6 -4.1 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 26.3 2.8 -5.2 -5.5 15.3 -2.0 -3.7 Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies -27.0 -31.4 3 183.7 .. .. -91.0 495.8 Gross capital formation -4.2 -2.7 8.9 -5.9 0.2 -0.8 0.7 Final domestic use of goods and services -0.6 0.3 2.5 -1.7 0.6 0.3 0.7 Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks) -0.8 0.8 0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.8 0.2 Final demand from general government 4.2 2.5 2.1 0.2 -1.6 0.5 -0.8 Total exports 0.9 6.0 -4.0 1.8 -0.9 1.7 1.9 ¬ Traditional goods (export) 4.3 3.4 -0.5 4.1 -0.7 1.1 3.9 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export) -0.6 4.9 -8.0 -0.7 -2.4 3.7 3.9 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export) -31.2 30.4 -26.6 71.9 43.3 -46.9 -3.9 ¬ Services (export) 3.3 11.1 1.0 3.6 0.7 0.4 -3.9 Total use of goods and services 0.0 2.3 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.8 1.1 Total imports -1.2 5.0 2.6 0.2 -1.4 -0.5 1.1 ¬ Traditional goods (import) -6.2 2.2 0.7 -1.5 1.6 -0.2 0.9 ¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import) 2.9 -13.9 25.3 -34.0 27.4 -2.3 -8.4 ¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import) 3.9 21.0 49.8 77.6 -64.0 0.7 -30.2 ¬ Services (import) 8.3 9.6 3.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.9 3.1 Gross domestic product, market values2 0.4 1.5 -0.8 -0.7 0.5 1.2 1.1 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values2 0.9 0.5 0.8 -0.2 0.8 0.5 0.1 Petroleum activities and ocean transport3 -0.6 4.5 -5.4 -2.2 -0.5 3.6 4.4 Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values 1.0 0.7 0.8 -0.2 0.9 0.5 0.1 ¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP) 0.3 0.3 0.9 -0.2 0.9 0.6 0.1 ¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP) -0.6 1.3 2.9 0.0 1.1 2.6 -0.7 ¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP) -3.6 -2.1 1.4 -2.4 3.4 0.0 -0.8 ¬¬ Service activities (GDP) 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 ¬ General government (GDP) 3.2 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.0 Taxes and subsidies products 0.2 -0.4 1.0 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 1Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry 2Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices. 3Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport. Explanation of symbolsDownload table as ...
Detailed tables:
About the statistics
The information under «About the statistics» was last updated 23 February 2023.
See Concepts and definitions in national accounts for explanations.
Valuation
Registration of values: A transaction may be registered at different values, depending on under which circumstances it is registered. Different concepts regarding valuation are also relevant for the general aspect of registration (cf. cash values or accruals values, and other principles for the recording of statistical data). The transactions of variables in the national accounts follow the accrual principle. Thus, taxes and subsidies on production should be registered as accrued values and not as cash values as recorded in the government accounts.
In the description of the transaction of goods and services several price concepts are used. Output is valued at basic prices. Basic price is the price the seller receives, after corresponding taxes on the product are deducted (and subsidies added). The use categories, both intermediate consumption and final use, are valued at purchaser prices, that is the price the purchaser must pay. Exports are valued at fob (free on board), while imports are valued at cif (cost-insurance-freight).
The value added of an industry is "valued" at basic prices (calculated as output at basic prices less intermediate consumption at purchaser prices). The total value added of all the industries is also "valued" at basic prices.
GDP is "valued" at market prices, which means that taxes on products, including VAT, less subsidies on products are added to the total value added of the industries at basic prices.
The accounting system of the Norwegian national accounts is based on the international standards for national accounts, i.e. 2008 SNA and ESA 2010. The accounting system outlines the framework and contents for production of national accounts statistics. The level of detail in the classifications used for compilation of quarterly and preliminary annual national accounts are more aggregated than in that used for calculation of the annual national accounts.
In addition to accounting structure, the international standards give recommendations of groupings or classifications to be used in the national accounts:
Activity classification
The classification of Industries in the National Accounts follows the Norwegian Standard Industrial Classification (SN2007), which is based on NACE Rev.2. Several levels of aggregation have been introduced for publication and reporting purposes.
Classification of non-financial assets and gross fixed capital formation
Non-financial assets are classified by type of aggregates defined in 2008 SNA, such as fixed assets, inventories, valuables, and non-produced assets, including both tangible assets such as land, subsoil-assets, water resources etc., and intangible assets such as transferable contracts etc. Gross fixed capital formation is grouped by main type within building and construction, machinery and equipment and transportation equipment.
Product classification
The product classification used in the national accounts is based on the EU's standard product classification CPA - Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Community. The CPA groups products by activities, i.e. it defines characteristic products within each activity and connects them to the activity classification NACE Rev.2. The annual accounts supply and use tables contain about 700 products, in addition to which some products are also incorporated purely for technical reasons. The system to elaborate preliminary annual and quarterly accounts contains about 90 products. The separation on products might to large extent be considered as a tool to balance the national account system and to undertake calculations in constants prices.
Classification of individual consumption by purpose
The classification of Consumption expenditure groups in the National Accounts is based on the international classification COICOP - Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose, published by the UN.
Classification of the functions of government
The classification of the functions of government by purpose applies to all types of general government expenses, such as government final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, subsidies, property rents (i.e. expenses), capital transfers and other transfers for use in government financial accounts and in the national accounts. This classification is based on the international classification COFOG - Classification of the Functions of Government, published by the UN.
Classification of the purpose of non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
This is a minor purpose classification which applies to expenses of NPISHs. It is based on the international classification COPNI - Classification of the Purposes of the Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households, published by the UN.
Name: National accounts
Topic: National accounts and business cycles
Division for National Accounts
National level
The monthly national accounts (MNA) are published about 40 days after the end of the given month.
The quarterly national accounts (QNA) are published about 40 days after the end of the given quarter. Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months (from monthly national accounts).
The first estimates of the preliminary year is published about 40 days after the end of the year.
Published figures are reported to Eurostat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Not relevant
The national accounts (NA) statistics are designed to provide a consistent and comprehensive survey of the overall national economy. The national accounts give both a summarised description of the economy as a whole and a detailed description of transactions between different parts of the Norwegian economy, and between Norway and the rest of the world. The national accounts also provide information on capital stocks and employment.
The first Norwegian national accounts based on modern principles were published by Statistics Norway in 1952. Annual series national accounts were calculated back to 1865 during the 1950th.
Final annual national accounts figures are based on all available final economic statistics and therefore take time to produce. The purpose of the quarterly national accounts is to provide updated information about short-term developments in the Norwegian economy based on an overall, consistent accounting system. Statistics Norway has produced and released quarterly national accounts (QNA) on a regular basis from 1953 but were not published at fixed intervals from the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s. A new model for a QNA system was developed at the beginning of the 1980s and has been used since 1985, with some modifications.
National accounts are used as a tool to compare the economic situation in different countries, and therefore it is important that the national accounts in various countries are based on a common template. Staff involved in elaborating national accounts in Statistics Norway participated actively in developing international recommendations and concepts regarding national accounts. The first international standard for national accounts, 1953 System of National Accounts (1953 SNA), was published by UN in 1953.
From time to time adaptations or changes are made to the common international recommendations for national accounts. This requires corresponding changes in the construction of the Norwegian national accounts. At different time intervals, new source statistics are produced and indicate that parts of the national accounts figures need to be revised. Since one objective of the national accounts is to provide a picture of the development over time which is as correct as possible, it is not possible to introduce such changes from one year to another. With different time intervals, it will therefore be necessary to carry out major revisions of the national accounts figures, so-called main revisions, in order to introduce adaptations due to new international recommendations or introduce new levels based on new statistical sources. As part of these main revisions the time series are also revised so that the revised national accounts can give a consistent picture of the economic development over time.
In recent decades, Statistics Norway has carried out main revisions published in 1995, 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2014. The main purpose of main revision published in November 2014, was to incorporate updated international recommendations in 2008 SNA andESA 2010. Changes due to this main revision are described, among else, in the article Main revision 2014. Planned changes in the national accounts statistics. The publication History of national accounts in Norway. From free research to statistics regulated by law also provides more information about the history of national accounts in Norway, including main revisions. In the future main revisions of the national accounts normally will be carried out every five years.
Since the QNA are completely harmonised with the annual national accounts, it is also necessary to revise the QNA figures once the annual national accounts figures have been revised.
The quarterly figures are mostly used for observation and analysis of the current economic cycle. The QNA figures also serve as a basis for making forecasts of the future economic development, the government’s work with the national budget and other economic planning. In addition, the QNA contribute with material for research and development. Annual and quarterly national accounts are a useful tool for analyses of the economic development and structures in Norway. The national accounts are also used to compare the economy in different countries.
The annual and quarterly national accounts therefore have a wide group of users, from school pupils and students to public and private institutions that actively use the statistics in their analyses and investigation of economic structure and development. Active users include the Research Department in Statistics Norway, the Ministry of Finance, Norges Bank, international organisations such as the IMF, the OECD, the World Bank, the UN and Eurostat, resident and non-resident financial sector analysts, and the media.
No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 08.00 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.
The monthly figures are the basis for quarterly figures, quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be deviations between the monthly and quarterly figures in the two months before the new quarter is calculated. The deviations will mainly apply to seasonally adjusted figures. In addition, the monthly publication includes a table showing rolling numbers for three and three months. The three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in the rolling table for July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter.
All historical figures are consistent with both preliminary and final annual national accounts figures in fixed and current prices
The Norwegian Balance of Payments (BOP) is an integrated part of the Norwegian system of national accounts, and the BOP figures are fully consistent with other preliminary and final quarterly and annual national accounts figures. Furthermore, quarterly and annual national accounts figures are fully consistent and compatible with the institutional sector accounts. The regional national accounts, and various satellite accounts (environment, tourism, health, non-profit institutions, education) are consistent with the above mentioned national accounts statistics. Previous published figures from the regional accounts and various satellite accounts are, however, not revised as a part of main revision of the national accounts, so figures for previous years may not necessarily be compatible with updated NA time series.
As mentioned in the chapter "Production: Data sources and sampling", the national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The source statistics may not use the same definitions or groupings as used in the national accounts. As a result, figures in the source statistics may be adapted or corrected before being used in the national accounts. Published figures in the source statistics of certain industries may therefore not correspond to published figures in the national accounts.
Not relevant
Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 (ESA 2010).
The European Parliament and of the council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union (text with EEA relevance).
The coverage of the national accounts is defined by international guidelines in the 2008 System of National Accounts (2008 SNA), published by the UN, the OECD, the IMF, the World Bank, and the Commission of the European Communities, and theEuropean System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010).
The total national economy, and the distinction between the national economy and foreign countries, is defined in terms of resident units. A unit is defined as a resident unit of the country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of the country - i.e. when it is involved in economic activities on this territory for an extended period of time (one year or more).
Two basic types of information are recorded in the national accounts: flows and stocks. Flows refer to actions and effects of events that take place within a given period of time, for example the output of an industry in one year. Stocks refer to positions at a certain point of time, for example the value of capital stock or the number of employed persons.
The national accounts consist of two main sets of tables; supply and use tables (SUT), also described as the real accounts, and the institutional sector accounts. The real accounts are based on local kind-of-activity units (KAUs), while the institutional sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are economic entities that are capable of owning goods and assets, of incurring liabilities and of engaging in economic activities and transactions with other units in their own right. An institutional unit contains one or more local kind-of-activity units (local KAUs). The local KAUs are classified by type of activity. An activity is characterised by an input of products, a production process and an output of products. All local KAUs engaged in the same or similar kind-of-activity constitute an industry.
The SUT at current and constant prices gives a structured overview of the supply (output and import) and use (final consumption, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, export and intermediate consumption) of products (goods and services) in the economy. For each industry the value added is calculated as the difference between output and intermediate consumption. The value added in an industry can also be decomposed into compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, other taxes on production (net of subsidies) and operating surplus. The real accounts also give information on fixed assets, as well as wages, hours worked, full-time equivalent persons and employed persons by industry. Monthly national accounts does not include figures for employment etc..
Furthermore, the real accounts provide the basis for the calculation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other central macroeconomic measures. The annual growth in volume and price are calculated for most variables.
The non-financial sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are capable of providing a full set of accounts. The non-financial sector accounts describe all economic transactions in the various sectors. The accounts also provide information on the stocks financial and non-financial capital. Financial sector accounts are also based on institutional units. The institutional units are grouped in institutional sectors on the basis of their principal economic functions, behavior and objectives. The non-financial sector accounts are consistent with the real accounts. The further description of the national accounts covers the part of the national accounts that is based on the annual SUT (the real accounts).
The coverage of the preliminary annual and quarterly real accounts is the same as the final annual SUT
The accounting structure in the system that produces monthly, quarterly and preliminary annual figures (MNA) is, however, more aggregated than in the system that produces the final annual SUT. While the SUT in the annual accounts consists of about 130 industry groups and 700 product groups, the SUT in the MNA consists of about 80 industry groups and 120 product groups. The MNA and QNA system produces tables with seasonal adjusted figures for industries' value added, household consumption for aggregated consumption groups and for central macroeconomic measures. However, only tables for final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis, while the QNA contain more details.
The calculations of the annual real accounts are based on statistics from several different sources, such as the structural business statistics for manufacturing and other industries, accounting statistics for general government and enterprises, statistics for wages and earnings, external trade statistics, household consumer surveys and employment statistics. Some parts of the national accounts are compiled more or less directly from the source statistics, while other parts are based on calculations and estimates.
Monthly information is used for compiling monthly national accounts, such as the production index of industrial production, the index for retail sales, consumer price index, building statistics, producer price indices and much more. For some service industries where we lack explicit production indicators, monthly information about jobs, working days and absence is obtained from the A-ordning. For investments where we only have quarterly information, such as oil investments, quarterly figures are conventionally distributed by month. In the months before we get the so-called oil census, the development is used in the planned investment figures reported together with those performed for a quarter. In connection with the work on the QNA, quarterly information is incorporated and an update of the previous months is made. Quarterly national accounts will appear as the sum of the three months in the quarter.
The source statistics used to calculate national accounts are with a few exceptions produced by Statistics Norway.
Having the reporting responsibility to Eurostat, the Division for National Accounts occasionally documents the calculations for the final annual national accounts, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.
In addition, there are a number of reports giving more detailed documentation of calculation of figures for various specific industry groups or other parts of the national accounts (mostly in Norwegian only).
The documentation report for the Quarterly national accounts gives an overview of central sources and methods used for quarterly accounts compilation. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.
Compilation of the final annual real accounts
The annual national accounts are mainly based on statistics collected by other divisions in Statistics Norway. To some extent data produced by external suppliers are also used.
The process of compiling the final annual national accounts starts with the calculation of independent supply and use estimates for all goods and services at current prices. To some extent, source data are extracted directly from the databases and converted into national accounts codes and format. Other parts of the economy are based on more complex calculations, by means of different statistical sources and/or assessments.
The source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some areas, the statistics have to be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the national accounts. In areas where the statistics are incomplete, evaluations are essential. In the process of estimating national accounts data, estimated national accounts figures are critically evaluated and controlled in several steps.
Finally, supply and use for each of these goods and services are balanced using supplementary information and quality assessments of the various statistical sources. This results in integrated supply and use tables at current prices.
The figure below gives an outline of the calculation system for final annual national accounts figures. First, detailed figures are calculated and balanced in current prices. Then the system calculates figures in constant prices, based on the detailed current price figures and corresponding price indices. The deflation (current values being divided by price indices) takes place at the most detailed product level: A price index is allocated to each detailed product. The individual products are as price homogeneous as possible. Constant price figures in the annual national accounts are calculated using the price level of the previous year, which means that the base year is changed every
year.
The deflation approach has in fact two dimensions, (i) differentiated by main categories of supply and use (deflating output, imports, exports and implicitly for domestic use), and (ii) differentiated through valuation (deflating current values at basic prices by price indices and implicitly determining the other value components, including adjustments against values at purchaser prices). The method used to calculate constant figures is called double deflation, i.e. a separate deflation of output and intermediate consumption is carried out in order to arrive at value added at constant prices as a balancing item, based on a detailed input-output framework (supply and use tables).
Figure 1. The calculation system for final annual NA figures (Click)
For a more detailed documentation, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.
Compilation of the MNA and QNA
The majority of the short-term statistics produced by Statistics Norway are transferred to the MNA system by use of a direct link to the relevant databases. The information in the data sources about growth is used more or less directly in the MNA system. Some other input data series in the MNA system, however, are based more or less on calculations and estimations, using various types of information from Statistics Norway and other sources. Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months
The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The quarterly figures within a specific year t become final 21 months later after the end of the year t. In addition, periodical main revisions generate revised figures.
In the process of calculating MNA or QNA figures for a specific month or quarter, the short-term statistics source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some cases, the information in the source statistics must be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the quarterly national accounts. In the process to estimate MNA data estimated MNA figures are critically evaluated and controlled in many steps.
Monthly process
The figure below gives an overview of the Norwegian MNA and QNA estimation process. The figure shows that the MNA system is based on two main pillars: a) The SUT for the (final) annual national accounts and b) short-term statistics.
Figure 2. The computing system in the Norwegian MNA/QNA
The main principle in the MNA system is that the national accounts figures for the current quarter are computed based on the development of short-term indicators and the current-price figures from the base year. The base year (t-2) is the latest calculated final version of the annual national accounts. The method is the same for most common variables: The value in the base year is given the same growth rate (percentage change) as in the appropriate indicator, or a grouping of different relevant indicators.
A simple projection method, based on the development in previous periods, is used if an indicator does not cover the whole period from the base year to the current quarter.
The indicator compilations are made in the indicator process (box 2 in the figure).
However, the indicator process alone does not give a complete harmonised account at current and constant prices. To calculate values for variables that are not calculated in the indicator compilations, and to harmonise the accounts, we use an input-output model (box 3 in the figure).
The input-output model includes a commodity-flow balance, a price input-output system and a set of equations for summaries and definitions. It now comprises over 12 000 equations in total. The input-output coefficients are calculated from the SUT in the base year. The variables calculated in the indicator compilations are transferred to the input-output model as exogenous variables. To calculate balanced accounts at current prices we need price indices on all supply and use categories. These are computed in the model by weighting together product price indices with the input-output coefficients as weights. Each product gets three different price indices, one for resident output delivered to the home market (to resident users), a second for import and a third for export.
The price index for an industry’s total output is then calculated as a weighted average of the price indices for the home and export market using the input-output coefficients as weights. The price indices of intermediate consumption, final consumption expenditure and gross fixed capital formation are calculated in a similar way, using the import and home market price indices and the input-output coefficients.
The model also calculates variables which are not covered by short-term statistics or other information and therefore not calculated in the indicator process. These calculations are based on simple assumptions. For instance, intermediate consumption for most industries at constant prices (the total except FISIM) is assumed to be a fixed proportion of total output for the relevant industry. The distribution of intermediate consumption (except FISIM) on different products at constant prices is also assumed to be the same as in the base year. The industries’ use of FISIM as intermediate consumption is supposed to equal the growth in total output of FISIM services. Output in the retail and wholesale trade activities in constant prices is assumed to follow the development of the use of the various goods in constant prices, such as household consumption, intermediate consumption and gross fixed capital formation of the various specific goods (that means supposed fixed margins).
Changes in stock of separate products are (for most products) calculated as the difference between the total supply and use of the product. As in the annual NA, the changes in stock may be adjusted if that seems reasonable after an evaluation of the figures.
The results are stored in the time series database (box 4 in the figure), which, among other things, provides the basis for different sets of tables (box 6). At the moment there are two different sets of tables (with seasonal unadjusted figures), sets for internal checks and analyses of data and more aggregated sets of data for publishing.
Process 1-4 describes how the quarterly seasonally unadjusted figures are estimated. The unadjusted figures are seasonally adjusted (box 5) using a seasonal adjustment program.
The method adopted to compile the MNA is highly mechanical. This applies to the update of variables in the national accounts based on short-term statistics as well as the balancing of commodities, the computation of indirect taxes and factor incomes and the overall balancing of the GDP and main aggregates. Technically, the data systems are programmed in FAME and TROLL (the latter is used for the input-output model only).
Checks and/or the evaluation of data are, however, performed in several steps. The MNA system offers a unique opportunity to compare different types of input data. The evaluation of the different sources is done in close contact with the relevant statistics divisions in Statistics Norway. A more thorough evaluation is being done when processing and publishing quarterly figures, while the monthly process is more automated and less profound. Therefore, only final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis while the quarterly accounts offer more details.
Quarterly figures are calculated as the total of three months at quarterly releases. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be a mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months. This applies mainly to seasonally adjusted numbers. That is, when you get a new observation (new month), it will normally affect the seasonally adjusted figures back in time. We do not update the QNA numbers that have also been sent to international organizations before the next quarters release. At the same time, we show figures for three-month growth. This is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter. This means that users may get a continuous update of the quarterly figures by looking at the monthly publication.
Annual process and alignment
The MNA system is updated with a new base year every year (i.e. the latest final version of the annual accounts). The database for the annual accounts (box 1a), as well as the base data and coefficients in the harmonisation model (box 3) are updated. At the same time, it is possible to implement new indicators, carry out changes in the input series and in the model, etc. Such changes are not carried out in an ordinary monthly or quarterly process.
The recalculation of the monthly accounts is carried out by distributing the annual figures between the months using the original monthly figures as keys. The recalculated monthly accounts will then add up to the annual accounts at constant and current prices.
The harmonisation is based on the principle that the differences between the monthly changes to the original and harmonised series shall be as small as possible. The monthly accounts should add up to the figures in the annual accounts.
When the base year is updated the MNA for that year is aligned automatically.
Reference year
All figures are published at current prices and (for most sizes) constant prices (i.e. the accounts also specify volume and price changes). Constant-price estimates in the national accounts are calculated based on the previous year's prices; i.e. the base year is changed every year. Subsequently, data on volume changes are constructed in terms of growth rates and corresponding implicit data on changes in prices. In parallel, time series of volume figures are constructed by using prices from a reference year. The constant-price estimates are consistent with the data on changes in volume in the series of growth rates. Since the chaining is carried out separately for all items, the table components do not, however, necessarily add up to the totals of the same table.
The publication Quarterly national accounts gives more information about sources, methods and the processes used to calculate quaterly NA figures. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.
The methods and routines used to produce seasonally adjusted figures are described in the chapter About seasonal adjustment.
§ 2-6 of the Statistics Act states that data under no circumstances shall be published in such a way that they may be traced back to the supplier. This means that the general rule is not to publish data if there are fewer than three enterprises in an industry. In practice, this means that for some detailed industry categories, figures must be aggregated up to a more aggregated industry group before they can be published.
Consistent monthly time series will exist back to 2016. Consistent quarterly time series will exist back to 1978 and annual time series back to 1970. Annual NA figures for the years 1865-1970 are based on the previous standards used for the national accounts and are not compatible with the up to date figures after the latest main revision of the NA.
Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months, see the description of the monthly process above.
Monthly figures, and thus quarterly figures, are aligned with the final annual national accounts figures, both in fixed and current prices. The other parts of the national accounts, such as income and capital accounts, and foreign accounts are also consistent and consistent with MNA.
The national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The sources are either survey data from establishments, enterprises or households, or data from registers. National accounts statistics reflect the inaccuracy in the statistical sources and the methods of compilation. Weaknesses and inaccuracy in the statistical sources are normally described in the documentation of the relevant sources.
Since the national accounts are an integrated system with balancing methods and consistency checks, the national accounts may reduce some of the inaccuracies in the statistical sources. On the other hand, national accounts require the compilation of statistics in areas where the sources are unsatisfactory, and the inaccuracy in such areas may therefore be significant. Some of the figures in the national accounts are estimated as residuals, and the uncertainty may be substantial in these areas. Examples are the compilation of changes in inventories and operating surplus by activity.
The EU Commission and Eurostat have completed a quality evaluation of the national accounts in all EEA countries. The conclusion was that "The Norwegian national accounts are of a high quality, soundly based on reliable and exhaustive sources, integrated in a system with a detailed product breakdown". (Report on the sources and methods used in compiling GNP in Norway, Eurostat/B1/CPNB/237/EN, 9 December 1997, Luxembourg.)
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed an evaluation of central parts of Norwegian macroeconomic statistics in autumn 2002, including the Norwegian national accounts. In the report IMF (2003), the Norwegian macroeconomic statistics, including the national accounts, got positive reviews: "In summary, Norway's macroeconomic statistics are of generally high quality." About the national accounts, the IMF also expressed that: "The source data for both the annual and the quarterly national accounts are generally sound and timely, and sufficiently portray reality."
The production of several of the sources that are used in the national accounts takes a considerable amount of time. Consequently, preliminary figures are more inaccurate than final figures.
In 2003, Statistics Norway carried out a project to evaluate the quality of the Norwegian QNA. The task of the project was to describe and evaluate the different processes in the system, and set up a plan for further work to improve quality. A project report was released in April 2004 (in Norwegian only). The report lists a variety of measures to increase quality, such as changes in the organisation of the QNA process, technical changes in the data system, an increase and improvement of the documentation related to the QNA system etc.
Another way of measuring the general quality of the QNA figures is to compare the preliminary annual figures from the first version of the annual accounts (by adding up the quarters in the QNA) with the final version. This was done in 2004. The article (in Norwegian only) looks at the growth rates of the main aggregates: GDP, GDP for mainland Norway, household consumption, government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, exports, imports and compensation of employees. For most variables, the study covers the years 1972-2002, while for some variables it covers the years 1993-2002. The study concludes that the preliminary figures generally had underestimated the growth rate in relation to the final figures, but that the overall picture did not differ too much.
The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The monthly and quarterly figures within a specific year t have the status final 21 months after the end of the year. See Administrative information, Frequency and timeliness. In addition, periodical main revisions give revised figures. See Background and purpose. The table below shows the publication cycle for yearly and quarterly national accounts figures. In addition to what is stated in the table, monthly data will be published about 40 days after the end of the month. In May, year t (which coincides with the QNR for the first quarter), all months, also in year t-1, can be revised. After May year t, only the monthly figures for the current year are subject to revision.
| Publication cycle for quarterly and yearly national accounts figures | ||||
| Release date in: | 1st quarter year t | 2nd quarter year t | 3rd quarter year t | 4th quarter year t |
| May, year t | First preliminary version | Revised 3 for year t-1 | Revised 2 for year t-1 | Revised 1 for year t-1 |
| August, year t | Revised 1 Revised 5 for year t-1 Final for year t-2 | First preliminary version Revised 4 for year t-1 Final for year t-2 | Revised 3 for year t-1 Final for year t-2 | Revised 2 for year t-1 Final for year t-2 |
| November, year t | Revised 2 | Revised 1 | First preliminary version | Revised 3 for year t-1 |
| February, year t | Revised 3 for year t-1 | Revised 2 for year t-1 | Revised 1 | First preliminary version for year t-1 |
Goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/02)
Process tables in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/03)
Improved treatment of insurance in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/04)
Changes in inventories in the Norwegian National Accounts - Accounting data as a source for changes in inventories. Notater (2017/13)
Quarterly national accounts - methods and sources of the quarterly national accounts compilations for Norway December 2013. Notater (2014/02)
Revised national accounts figures 1970-2010
History of national accounts in Norway - from free research to statistics regulated by law. Notater (113)
Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95
Norwegian methodology for supply and use tables and input-output tables. Notater (2009/8)
What is seasonal adjustment?
Monthly and quarterly time series are often characterised by considerable seasonal variations, which might complicate inter-period comparability. Such time series are therefore subjected to a process of seasonal adjustment in order to remove the effects of seasonal fluctuations. Once data have been adjusted for seasonal effects by X-12-ARIMA or some other seasonal adjustment tool, a clearer picture of the time series emerge.
For more information on seasonal adjustment, please refer to Statistics Norway’s: metadata on methods: seasonal adjustment.
Because of climatic conditions, public holidays and holidays in July and December, the intensity of the production varies throughout the year. The same applies to household consumption and other parts of the economy.
This makes a direct comparison of two consecutive months or quarters difficult. In order to adjust for these conditions, the quarterly national accounts are seasonally adjusted which makes it possible to conduct an analysis of the underlying change in economic activity between periods.
It is important to mention some factors of the seasonally adjustment of the MNA which has to be given specific attention compared to other short time economic indicators:
- The series for the main aggregates in the MNA is a result of aggregation of many components. Statistics Norway has chosen that consistency between the components and the main aggregates also applies to the seasonally adjusted series to make it easy to identify which series contribute the most to the results.
- Data may be exposed to some revisions each month as well as major revisions when the the preliminary national accounts are reconciled with final national accounts
Background information
- To seasonally adjust the GDP (and all other aggregates) we use an indirect method. This is done in order to be able to explain the contributions to GDP-growth, and consensus is that this is the preferred method for this kind of data. Please see chapter below for more details on the direct vs. indirect approach to seasonal adjustment.
- This method has given us some challenges related to the seasonally adjusted historical series. The reason is that series older than the base year are not additive. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.
- We use information from the entire period of the time series to estimate seasonal adjustment factors, but we use this information only from the year before the base year to the present.
The method chosen is in accordance with the ESS-Guidelines on seasonal adjustment.
Seasonally adjusted series
Over a thousand series are seasonally adjusted every month. The series are adjusted at a disaggregated level and then summed up to the main aggregates.
The series for gross value added at industry level are adjusted directly, as opposed to being calculated as the difference between production and intermediate consumption.
For final consumption expenditure of households, the series are seasonally adjusted by applying the seasonal factors that are estimated for the index of household consumption of goods (see the documentation for seasonal adjustment of the index of household consumption of goods).
Pre-treatment routines/schemes
Pre-treatment is an adjustment for variations caused by calendar effects and outliers.
- We run a pre-treatment of some series/main series.
Calendar adjustment
Calendar adjustment involves adjusting for the effects of working days/trading days and for moving holidays. Working days/trading days adjustments are made for both the number of working days/trading days and for the varying composition of days from one month to another.
- It is performed calendar adjustments on all series showing significant and plausible calendar effects within a statistically robust approach, such as regression or RegARIMA (a regression model with an ARIMA structure for the residuals).
Methods for trading/working day adjustment
- RegARIMA correction – in this case, the effect of trading days is estimated in a RegArima framework. The effect of trading days can be estimated by using a correction for the length of the month or leap year, regressing the series on the number of working days, etc. In this case, the residuals will have an ARIMA structure.
Correction for moving holidays
- We run an automati correction with X-12-ARIMA. The utomatic correction of raw data will be based on Norwegian holidays.
National and EU/euro area calendars
- Use of the Norwegian calendar with X-12-ARIMA.
Treatment of outliers
Outliers, or extreme values, are abnormal values of the series
- Outliers are detected automatically by the seasonal adjustment tool. The outliers are removed before seasonal adjustment is carried out, and then reintroduced into the seasonally adjusted data.
Model selection
Pre-treatment requires choosing an ARIMA model, as well as deciding whether the data should be log-transformed or not.
Decomposition scheme
The decomposition scheme specifies how the various components – basically trend-cycle, seasonal and irregular – combine to form the original series. The most frequently used decomposition schemes are the multiplicative and additive.
- Manual selection of decomposition scheme after graphical inspection of the properties to the specific series.
Comments: Additive decomposition is used for series with (potential) negative values or values equal zero, otherwise multiplicative decomposition is used.
Choice of seasonal adjustment approach
- X-12-ARIMA
Consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted data
In some series, consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted series is imposed.
- No constraints are applied.
Consistency between aggregate/definition of seasonally adjusted data
In some series, consistency between seasonally adjusted aggregates and its components is imposed. For some series there is also a special relationship between the different series, e.g. GDP which equals production minus intermediate consumption.
- Definitions and relationships that hold for unadjusted figures also apply for seasonally adjusted figures.
Comments: The supply side equals the use side also for seasonally adjusted figures. This implies that changes in stocks/statistical discrepancies are treated as a residual in the seasonally adjusted figures (balancing item). The series for gross value added are adjusted directly (see chapter 1.3) and are not required to match the difference between seasonally adjusted series for production and intermediate consumption (thus, vertical – not horizontal – consistency is imposed).
Direct versus indirect approach
Direct seasonal adjustment is performed if all time series, including aggregates, are seasonally adjusted on an individual basis. Indirect seasonal adjustment is performed if the seasonally adjusted estimate for a time series is derived by combining the estimates for two or more directly adjusted series.
- Mixed indirect approach is applied
Comments: MNA uses aggregation routines outside X-12-ARIMA.
Horizon for estimating the model and the correction factors
When performing seasonal adjustment of a time series, it is possible to choose the period to be used in estimating the model and the correction factors. Correction factors are the factors used in the pre-treatment and seasonal adjustment of the series.
- The whole time series is used to estimate the model and the correction factors
General revision policy
Seasonally adjusted data may change due to a revision of the unadjusted (raw) data or the addition of new data. Such changes are called revisions, and there are several ways to deal with the problem of revisions when publishing the seasonally adjusted statistics.
- Seasonally adjusted numbers are revised in accordance with a well-defined and publicly available revision policy and release calendar.
Concurrent versus current adjustment
- The model, filters, outliers and regression parameters are re-identified and re-estimated as new or revised data become available.
Horizon for published revisions
- The individual series will be revised when seasonal factors are re-estimated. Concerning the main aggregates the period of revisions is limited from the base year to the present.
Comments: This applies as long as the unadjusted figures before the base year remains unchanged. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.
Evaluation of seasonally adjustment data
- Continuous/periodical evaluation using standard measures proposed by different seasonal adjustment tools.
All series are sufficiently long to perform a seasonal adjustment.
Data availability
- Both unadjusted (raw), seasonally adjusted and sum rolling three months data are available.
Press releases
- In addition to raw data, at least one of the following series is released: pre-treated, seasonally adjusted, seasonally plus working day adjusted trend-cycle series.
- Both levels and growth rates are presented.
- Empirical values are presented to evaluate revisions of data in earlier press releases.
References
Statistics Norway’s metadata on methods: seasonal adjustment
The Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics: ESS-Guidelines on seasonal adjustment
EUROSTAT: Seasonal Adjustment. Methods and Practices
US census: X-12-ARIMA-manual
Contact
Relatert innhold
Analyses, articles and publications
Artikkel / 9 June 2021Low activity in the Mainland Economy continues in AprilGDP in Mainland Norway increased 0.3 per cent in April, adjusted for seasonal variation. The growth follows a downturn lasting all three months of the 1st quarter of 2021.
Artikkel / 5 June 2019Revision of national accounts time seriesOn 29th August this year Statistics Norway will publish revised national accounts time series. Both the level and the growth rates of GDP are only to a minor extent affected by the revisions.
Artikkel / 16 April 2012Concepts and definitions in national accountsRead about important concepts and definitions in national accounts.
Artikkel / 15 May 2013Industries in the National AccountsMain categories of industries used in national accounts.
Artikkel / 6. november 2019Supply and Use and Input-Output tablesThe supply and use tables give a statistical picture of total supply and total uses for all goods and services in the economy. The input-output tables are derived from the supply and use tables based on the assumption of a fixed product sales structure, and they show flows from each industry to other industries and to final uses.