Publication of the National Accounts in 2026

Monthly updates of the National Accounts are postponed until further notice. In the meantime, monthly data series will be published every three months together with quarterly national accounts.

At the next publication on 9 February 2026, some corrections will be made in the time series. These changes will mainly affect figures for the manufacturing industry.

Statistics on

National accounts

The national accounts provide an overview of the state and development in the Norwegian economy. Key figures are gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, gross investment, exports and imports, employment and wages, profitability in industries and productivity. 1st to 3rd quarter is published with monthly national accounts in May, August and November. 4th quarter will be published February the following year, figures for t-2 in August.

Updated: 9 February 2026

Next update: Not yet determined

Selected figures from these statistics

Table 1Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume¹
	2024	2025	4th quarter 2025	October 2025	November 2025	December 2025
Gross domestic product	1.4	1.1	-0.3	-1.6	0.0	0.3
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway	0.6	1.8	0.4	0.7	0.1	0.0
Petroleum activities and ocean transport	3.9	-0.9	-2.6	-8.3	0.0	1.0
Final domestic use of goods and services	0.3	0.9	-1.2	-6.3	4.5	1.0
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISH	1.3	2.7	1.0	-1.1	3.6	1.7
Final consumption expenditure of general government	1.7	1.5	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-1.4	1.3	7.2	3.6	0.1	4.0
Total exports	5.8	2.4	3.6	7.4	-4.4	-0.6
Total imports	5.0	2.6	3.6	-0.1	3.7	0.7

Employed persons	0.7	0.7	0.2
Total hours worked	0.5	0.5	0.0
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are preliminary.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09175

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 11721

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09174

Table 2Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period¹
	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	August 2025	September 2025	October 2025	November 2025	December 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	-0.5	0.7	1.6	-0.4	-1.0	-1.1	3.6	1.7
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	-0.3	0.6	0.8	0.4	-0.7	-1.2	3.6	1.7
¬¬ Goods	0.1	0.2	1.0	1.0	-1.3	-2.9	8.1	2.5
¬¬ Services	0.1	0.2	0.7	-0.3	-0.1	0.2	0.3	0.8
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-3.3	3.6	1.3	0.8	1.8	-1.1	0.9	4.0
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	3.5	-2.9	2.8	-1.9	5.7	1.3	-2.2	2.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	-3.7	2.2	15.6	-12.1	-4.9	0.3	3.5	0.5
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	0.7	0.1	-0.2	0.3	0.4	-0.1	0.3	0.7
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	0.7	0.0	-0.4	0.2	0.4	-0.3	0.2	0.7
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.8
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.4	-0.1	0.3	0.0	-0.2
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	0.2	1.2	-2.0	0.4	3.0	3.6	0.1	4.0
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	3.6	-3.2	-0.5	1.5	0.6	4.8	-3.2	1.2
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-32.4	671.9	-88.5	1.2	809.7	..	..	1 142.2
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	-0.7	1.9	-1.9	0.1	3.1	4.1	0.8	3.9
¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF)	3.5	2.8	-3.1	-0.3	4.4	-0.7	2.1	5.4
¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	5.6	2.6	-3.5	-0.8	6.2	-0.9	2.3	6.4
¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	4.2	-2.2	29.1	-0.1	3.7	14.2	-1.9	3.3
¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	3.7	2.8	-3.4	-0.4	6.8	-2.9	3.2	9.2
¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	1.8	-0.5	4.6	1.1	1.2	4.3	-1.3	1.5
¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	16.7	4.7	-13.1	-4.0	9.4	0.3	3.0	0.7
¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	-1.3	3.3	-2.2	0.9	0.1	-0.2	1.4	2.7
¬¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-9.8	-0.3	1.4	1.0	-0.1	16.2	-2.0	0.5
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-3.3	-2.1	2.4	-4.8	-0.2	0.0	-0.3	4.7
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-76.7	152.5	..	..	..	..	..	..
Gross capital formation	-4.8	3.6	-6.3	-4.5	17.2	-20.6	11.2	0.3
Final domestic use of goods and services	-1.5	1.3	-1.0	-1.4	3.8	-6.3	4.5	1.0
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	-0.3	0.8	0.4	-0.2	0.2	0.3	2.0	1.8
Final demand from general government	-1.6	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	3.0	-0.3	0.3
Total exports	0.4	-0.4	3.2	2.0	-1.6	7.4	-4.4	-0.6
¬ Traditional goods (export)	-4.6	1.5	5.6	5.4	-12.8	15.7	-7.9	-6.9
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	2.6	-0.4	1.7	1.6	3.3	4.9	-3.7	1.7
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	13.5	-73.8	253.3	-33.3	-30.6	153.3	-61.7	144.9
¬ Services (export)	1.4	-0.7	1.7	-0.3	2.5	2.3	-0.2	0.5
Total use of goods and services	-0.8	0.7	0.5	-0.1	1.8	-1.3	0.9	0.4
Total imports	-3.3	1.6	1.4	-1.5	2.2	-0.1	3.7	0.7
¬ Traditional goods (import)	-2.9	1.6	0.6	-0.9	0.8	0.5	6.1	-0.2
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	30.6	9.3	6.7	-53.5	93.2	17.2	-16.9	-5.8
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-61.4	-14.5	39.5	-13.3	-12.1	-42.7	55.8	25.2
¬ Services (import)	-1.1	1.8	1.6	0.3	2.6	-0.8	0.2	2.0
Gross domestic product, market values²	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.3	1.6	-1.6	0.0	0.3
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	-0.2	0.1	0.4	-0.3	-0.4	0.7	0.1	0.0
Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	0.6	1.2	-0.2	2.4	7.7	-8.3	0.0	1.0
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	-0.1	0.1	0.5	-0.4	-0.5	0.7	-0.1	0.0
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	-0.4	0.1	0.6	-0.4	-0.6	0.7	-0.1	-0.1
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	-0.8	-0.2	-0.5	1.8	-2.4	-1.2	2.5	-0.4
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	-0.3	-1.1	1.3	-3.5	2.1	-1.4	-1.1	0.4
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	-0.3	0.4	0.7	-0.1	-0.9	1.6	-0.3	-0.1
¬ General government (GDP)	0.6	0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0
Taxes and subsidies products	-0.2	0.7	-0.2	0.2	0.5	1.0	1.0	0.7
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are preliminary
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 11721

Table 3Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume^{1 2}
	March 2025 - May 2025	April 2025 - June 2025	May 2025 - July 2025	June 2025 - August 2025	July 2025 - September 2025	August 2025 - October 2025	September 2025 - November 2025	October 2025 - December 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	0.2	0.6	1.1	1.6	1.3	-0.1	-0.3	1.0
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	0.2	0.4	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.2	0.2	1.4
¬¬ Goods	1.2	1.7	2.3	2.0	1.3	-0.1	0.3	2.7
¬¬ Services	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.5
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-3.7	-4.0	-2.6	1.6	3.8	3.8	2.3	2.3
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	2.0	1.6	2.8	0.0	2.6	3.2	5.4	3.7
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	-1.1	2.7	5.0	7.2	4.8	-5.9	-7.4	-5.1
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	1.6	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.7
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	1.3	0.3	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	3.5	3.3	3.0	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4	-0.2	0.0
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	0.2	3.1	1.9	0.8	0.1	2.6	5.0	7.2
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	7.3	12.9	9.1	2.1	-0.4	2.0	3.5	3.9
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-72.2	30.5	254.5	35.5	-2.3	-26.1	-24.9	6.9
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	-1.2	0.5	-0.3	0.3	0.2	2.9	5.6	8.2
¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF)	0.0	-0.7	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.2	3.3	5.4
¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	-0.4	-1.1	1.9	1.2	1.4	1.5	4.6	6.7
¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	-10.8	-2.7	8.5	16.6	30.4	25.4	21.8	16.8
¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	-3.5	-3.1	0.4	1.2	1.6	1.7	4.3	6.7
¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	1.3	4.4	5.4	5.0	6.1	6.3	6.0	5.2
¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	12.0	1.7	4.1	-3.4	-5.6	-5.7	2.5	7.3
¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	1.1	0.4	0.2	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.3	2.0
¬¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-4.0	3.4	-4.4	-1.6	-1.7	7.3	11.2	15.2
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	0.8	-2.9	-4.5	-3.9	-3.4	-4.1	-2.7	-0.4
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	501.9	-29.7	-76.6	-108.0	-83.5	-400.8	1 072.1	-2 007.1
Gross capital formation	6.0	1.2	-3.7	-6.4	-3.3	-4.4	-0.9	-6.8
Final domestic use of goods and services	1.9	0.7	-0.4	-0.9	-0.3	-1.2	-0.3	-1.2
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	0.1	0.5	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.6	1.1	2.4
Final demand from general government	-0.1	0.9	-0.5	-0.2	-0.2	1.4	2.2	3.1
Total exports	-1.6	0.6	1.5	3.6	3.8	5.4	4.1	3.6
¬ Traditional goods (export)	1.4	1.8	1.1	5.6	4.1	5.5	-1.3	-0.6
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	-0.8	3.4	4.4	4.7	4.5	6.6	7.1	5.7
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	-57.4	-48.9	-52.1	-24.5	-8.2	-2.7	6.8	27.7
¬ Services (export)	-3.8	-4.2	-1.8	-0.3	2.3	3.1	4.4	3.9
Total use of goods and services	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.7	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.6
Total imports	0.1	-0.3	-1.3	-0.1	1.1	1.4	2.8	3.6
¬ Traditional goods (import)	3.1	0.5	-0.8	-0.3	0.4	0.8	2.8	4.8
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	2.2	-0.1	17.6	0.6	-3.7	-13.6	17.6	16.4
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-47.6	1.9	-49.3	-34.9	-29.5	-19.2	-27.3	-25.1
¬ Services (import)	-1.0	-1.5	-0.4	1.7	3.6	3.5	2.9	1.9
Gross domestic product, market values³	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.3	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.4
Petroleum activities and ocean transport⁴	1.2	2.4	2.0	2.6	5.0	4.9	3.3	-2.6
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	1.9	2.5	0.6	0.4	-0.6	-0.7	-1.4	-0.7
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	0.8	0.1	0.0	-1.3	-1.3	-2.2	-1.2	-1.8
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.7
¬ General government (GDP)	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.0	0.3
Taxes and subsidies products	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.6	1.1	1.6	2.4
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry
²Rolling three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period, for example growth in May to July compared with February to April. Furthermore, March, June, September and December represent the quarters in a year. For example, March will represent the first quarter.
³Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
⁴Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 11721

Table 4Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK million¹
	2024	2025	4th quarter 2024	1st quarter 2025	2nd quarter 2025	3rd quarter 2025	4th quarter 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	2 212 165	2 346 388	585 520	556 332	587 992	572 637	629 426
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	2 084 291	2 211 965	552 059	523 943	553 730	539 397	594 895
¬¬ Goods	831 627	900 482	230 410	199 474	225 083	218 140	257 785
¬¬ Services	1 164 079	1 228 992	297 009	305 810	305 883	304 955	312 344
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	170 141	181 558	39 777	35 993	46 971	57 006	41 589
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-81 556	-99 067	-15 137	-17 334	-24 208	-40 703	-16 823
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	127 875	134 423	33 462	32 390	34 262	33 240	34 531
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	1 187 108	1 245 266	301 190	302 150	319 367	309 327	314 423
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	608 481	647 908	157 047	155 359	166 114	159 699	166 736
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	529 055	556 112	135 904	134 346	142 454	137 285	142 027
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	79 426	91 796	21 143	21 013	23 661	22 414	24 708
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	578 627	597 358	144 143	146 790	153 253	149 627	147 687

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	1 235 211	1 289 959	350 294	289 220	317 684	309 613	373 443
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	259 345	283 444	70 965	63 022	73 231	71 126	76 065
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	9 405	2 823	5 627	541	746	691	845
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	966 461	1 003 692	273 702	225 656	243 707	237 796	296 533
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	476 461	501 040	130 341	117 658	124 333	118 601	140 448
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	10 556	9 482	2 866	1 790	1 802	2 670	3 218
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	317 271	328 790	86 359	80 896	81 051	77 235	89 607
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	73 244	77 218	21 469	16 221	18 512	18 472	24 013
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	75 391	85 551	19 647	18 751	22 968	20 223	23 609
¬¬ welling service (households) (GFCF)	207 290	208 648	50 685	51 660	51 795	51 610	53 583
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	282 709	294 004	92 675	56 339	67 579	67 585	102 502
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	311	329	81	80	84	80	86
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	38 275	-9 479	-12 107	51 721	-6 946	3 268	-57 522
Gross capital formation	1 273 797	1 280 810	338 268	341 021	310 822	312 962	316 006

Final domestic use of goods and services	4 673 070	4 872 464	1 224 978	1 199 503	1 218 180	1 194 925	1 259 856
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	4 365 734	4 595 346	1 160 412	1 084 138	1 151 066	1 119 760	1 240 382
Final demand from general government	1 469 818	1 539 270	393 866	358 488	386 945	376 912	416 924

Total exports	2 496 349	2 503 520	671 971	671 262	592 981	608 975	630 302
¬ Traditional goods (export)	671 680	724 461	182 668	176 528	170 875	181 146	195 913
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	1 169 314	1 099 907	318 705	331 879	255 900	248 067	264 061
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	12 115	15 407	3 740	5 997	3 109	3 014	3 287
¬ Services (export)	643 240	663 746	166 858	156 859	163 098	176 748	167 041

Total use of goods and services	7 169 419	7 375 984	1 896 950	1 870 765	1 811 162	1 803 900	1 890 158

Total imports	1 786 978	1 858 337	472 670	438 317	463 969	471 644	484 407
¬ Traditional goods (import)	1 036 982	1 084 743	271 805	259 044	269 942	265 572	290 185
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	20 744	20 679	4 487	5 587	3 978	5 879	5 235
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	41 163	23 537	18 972	7 205	7 062	4 759	4 511
¬ Services (import)	688 089	729 378	177 406	166 481	182 987	195 434	184 476

Gross domestic product, market values²	5 382 441	5 517 648	1 424 280	1 432 448	1 347 193	1 332 256	1 405 751
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	4 191 794	4 400 438	1 091 658	1 093 061	1 092 461	1 070 138	1 144 778

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	1 190 647	1 117 209	332 622	339 387	254 732	262 118	260 973
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	3 717 522	3 911 968	963 711	980 775	970 422	949 127	1 011 643
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 823 977	2 970 602	736 991	754 375	727 234	714 961	774 032
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	317 339	343 870	81 474	85 091	89 462	82 006	87 311
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	446 790	468 495	116 966	127 521	101 121	113 269	126 584
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	2 059 848	2 158 238	538 551	541 763	536 651	519 686	560 137
¬ General government (GDP)	893 544	941 365	226 720	226 400	243 188	234 166	237 611
Taxes and subsidies products	474 272	488 471	127 947	112 286	122 040	121 010	133 135
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

Table 5Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At constant 2023-prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At constant 2023-prices. NOK million¹
	2024	2025	4th quarter 2024	1st quarter 2025	2nd quarter 2025	3rd quarter 2025	4th quarter 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	2 139 469	2 197 534	563 473	522 678	550 830	536 831	587 196
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	2 015 499	2 070 629	531 728	491 657	518 762	505 327	554 883
¬¬ Goods	815 727	859 743	225 672	192 667	215 662	206 641	244 773
¬¬ Services	1 115 390	1 135 019	283 120	281 691	282 230	283 778	287 320
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	163 045	168 547	37 443	33 830	43 740	52 599	38 378
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-78 664	-92 680	-14 508	-16 532	-22 870	-37 691	-15 588
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	123 970	126 905	31 745	31 021	32 067	31 504	32 312
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	1 143 588	1 160 805	288 796	287 307	289 959	290 435	293 104
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	586 273	602 688	148 783	149 062	150 156	150 096	153 375
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	509 876	517 682	128 891	128 608	129 203	128 575	131 295
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	76 397	85 007	19 892	20 454	20 952	21 521	22 079
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	557 315	558 117	140 013	138 245	139 804	140 339	139 729

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	1 180 549	1 195 826	330 034	269 931	293 001	287 765	345 130
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	244 283	264 206	65 422	58 049	66 768	67 375	72 014
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	8 913	2 504	5 195	498	670	648	688
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	927 354	929 115	259 418	211 383	225 563	219 742	272 428
¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	456 578	465 363	123 391	110 092	115 729	110 151	129 391
¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	10 059	8 782	2 686	1 666	1 663	2 490	2 963
¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	304 140	305 340	81 767	75 708	75 396	71 696	82 540
¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	70 178	71 717	20 328	15 191	17 218	17 190	22 118
¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	72 201	79 523	18 610	17 526	21 452	18 775	21 769
¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	199 750	192 610	48 312	48 634	47 640	47 260	49 075
¬¬¬ General government (GFCF)	271 026	271 143	87 715	52 657	62 194	62 330	93 963
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	287	294	74	72	75	71	76
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	38 878	-11 020	-10 995	50 282	-10 991	5 658	-55 969
Gross capital formation	1 219 713	1 185 100	319 113	320 285	282 085	293 494	289 236

Final domestic use of goods and services	4 502 770	4 543 439	1 171 382	1 130 269	1 122 874	1 120 760	1 169 535
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	4 210 410	4 287 454	1 111 686	1 021 367	1 066 352	1 047 008	1 152 728
Final demand from general government	1 414 614	1 431 947	376 510	339 963	352 153	352 765	387 066

Total exports	2 604 461	2 666 733	669 376	637 510	640 391	674 026	714 806
¬ Traditional goods (export)	680 841	724 627	185 029	168 816	173 245	188 660	193 906
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	1 285 928	1 296 614	319 587	314 392	311 440	312 784	357 998
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	11 856	14 000	3 649	5 426	2 774	2 547	3 253
¬ Services (export)	625 837	631 491	161 110	148 876	152 932	170 035	159 649

Total use of goods and services	7 107 232	7 210 171	1 840 758	1 767 779	1 763 265	1 794 786	1 884 342

Total imports	1 726 823	1 771 371	448 451	414 535	441 961	453 130	461 746
¬ Traditional goods (import)	1 028 156	1 064 143	264 410	251 679	267 702	262 120	282 643
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	22 773	25 874	5 050	6 302	5 159	7 690	6 724
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	38 382	20 238	16 983	6 180	6 294	4 439	3 325
¬ Services (import)	637 512	661 116	162 008	150 375	162 806	178 881	169 054

Gross domestic product, market values	5 380 408	5 438 800	1 392 306	1 353 244	1 321 304	1 341 656	1 422 596
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values	4 047 656	4 118 602	1 052 797	1 025 315	1 010 084	1 010 431	1 072 772

Petroleum activities and ocean transport	1 332 752	1 320 199	339 510	327 929	311 221	331 225	349 824
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	3 596 297	3 659 130	932 632	918 119	895 533	898 205	947 274
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 743 711	2 795 919	717 786	703 977	679 361	682 651	729 931
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	309 444	321 830	80 567	80 799	80 685	78 006	82 339
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	461 293	463 832	122 934	121 722	103 686	116 719	121 705
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 972 974	2 010 258	514 285	501 455	494 990	487 926	525 887
¬ General government (GDP)	852 586	863 211	214 846	214 142	216 172	215 554	217 343
Taxes and subsidies products	451 359	459 471	120 165	107 196	114 551	112 226	125 498
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are preliminary

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

Table 6Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year¹
	2024	2025	4th quarter 2024	1st quarter 2025	2nd quarter 2025	3rd quarter 2025	4th quarter 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1.3	2.7	2.6	3.2	1.4	2.1	4.2
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1.3	2.7	2.8	3.2	1.3	2.1	4.4
¬¬ Goods	1.1	5.4	2.8	3.7	3.6	5.3	8.5
¬¬ Services	1.3	1.8	2.7	3.1	0.9	1.6	1.5
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	8.1	3.4	13.3	6.6	3.0	2.4	2.5
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	13.7	17.8	31.5	16.1	25.2	19.1	7.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	1.6	2.4	0.0	3.1	2.5	2.1	1.8
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	1.7	1.5	0.7	1.7	1.6	1.2	1.5
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	2.8	2.8	1.0	2.8	2.8	2.5	3.1
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	2.1	1.5	-0.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.9
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	8.1	11.3	10.3	10.5	12.0	11.5	11.0
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	0.7	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.4	-0.1	-0.2

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-1.4	1.3	2.0	2.1	0.6	-2.4	4.6
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	4.8	8.2	0.8	5.2	8.8	8.1	10.1
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-58.3	-71.9	399.8	152.3	-17.7	-76.1	-86.8
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	-1.7	0.2	0.6	1.1	-1.5	-4.4	5.0
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	0.7	1.9	3.4	5.0	-1.0	-1.2	4.9
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	140.8	-12.7	118.7	-10.8	-24.0	-24.9	10.3
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	1.1	0.4	8.5	6.1	-2.6	-2.6	0.9
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	-1.0	2.2	-4.1	-7.4	-0.4	6.3	8.8
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-6.9	10.1	-13.8	14.6	7.4	2.4	17.0
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	-12.2	-3.6	-8.6	-4.7	-6.6	-4.3	1.6
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	3.3	0.0	2.5	-0.9	1.5	-9.5	7.1
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.8	2.9	2.0	2.3
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-28.5	..	..	14.5	..	-67.5	..
Gross capital formation	-2.6	-2.8	-3.0	3.8	0.8	-6.0	-9.4

Final domestic use of goods and services	0.3	0.9	0.6	3.0	1.3	-0.4	-0.2
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	0.8	1.8	1.6	2.3	0.8	0.4	3.7
Final demand from general government	2.0	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.6	-0.9	2.8

Total exports	5.8	2.4	4.3	0.9	-3.3	5.1	6.8
¬ Traditional goods (export)	3.4	6.4	5.2	6.5	4.7	9.8	4.8
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	4.9	0.8	-2.5	-4.4	-8.0	4.7	12.0
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	30.4	18.1	257.1	70.1	-4.1	19.9	-10.9
¬ Services (export)	10.2	0.9	17.5	5.6	-1.4	0.9	-0.9

Total use of goods and services	2.3	1.4	1.9	2.2	-0.4	1.6	2.4

Total imports	5.0	2.6	8.0	6.9	0.8	0.2	3.0
¬ Traditional goods (import)	3.3	3.5	5.5	7.7	-0.7	0.6	6.9
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-13.9	13.6	-21.6	26.0	18.8	-8.2	33.2
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	21.0	-47.3	128.4	13.4	-1.4	-53.6	-80.4
¬ Services (import)	7.9	3.7	7.4	4.8	3.0	2.8	4.3

Gross domestic product, market values²	1.4	1.1	0.1	0.9	-0.8	2.1	2.2
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	0.6	1.8	0.9	3.1	0.7	1.4	1.9

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	3.9	-0.9	-2.4	-5.6	-5.3	4.4	3.0
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	0.8	1.7	0.9	3.3	0.6	1.5	1.6
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	0.4	1.9	0.8	3.9	0.4	1.6	1.7
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	0.9	4.0	2.4	6.7	3.8	3.4	2.2
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	-1.6	0.6	-1.7	3.3	0.4	-0.5	-1.0
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.9	1.9	1.2	3.6	-0.1	1.9	2.3
¬ General government (GDP)	1.9	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.3	0.9	1.2
Taxes and subsidies products	-0.3	1.8	0.8	1.3	0.7	0.6	4.4
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

Table 7Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous year

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous year¹
	2024	2025	4th quarter 2024	1st quarter 2025	2nd quarter 2025	3rd quarter 2025	4th quarter 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	3.4	3.3	2.2	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.2
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	3.4	3.3	2.3	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.3
¬¬ Goods	1.9	2.7	1.1	2.1	2.1	3.5	3.2
¬¬ Services	4.4	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.7	3.6
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	4.4	3.2	-0.3	4.8	3.8	2.8	2.0
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	3.7	3.1	2.8	3.4	2.0	3.5	3.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	3.2	2.7	1.1	3.7	3.0	2.8	1.4
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	3.8	3.3	2.7	3.4	3.6	3.5	2.9
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	3.8	3.6	3.1	3.3	4.1	3.9	3.0
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	3.8	3.5	3.3	3.4	4.1	4.1	2.6
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	4.0	3.9	1.4	2.8	3.9	3.3	5.3
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	3.8	3.1	2.2	3.5	3.1	3.1	2.7

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	4.6	3.1	3.6	4.4	3.3	3.1	1.9
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	6.2	1.1	4.9	4.4	2.5	0.7	-2.6
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	5.5	6.8	-62.7	5.1	2.3	7.4	13.4
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	4.2	3.7	4.0	4.3	3.5	3.8	3.2
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	4.4	3.2	4.8	4.1	2.6	3.3	2.8
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	4.9	2.9	-7.3	4.1	3.2	2.7	1.8
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	4.3	3.2	4.6	4.2	2.7	3.4	2.8
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	4.4	3.2	6.1	3.8	2.9	3.1	2.8
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	4.4	3.0	4.9	4.3	2.3	3.0	2.7
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	3.8	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.1
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	4.3	4.0	2.8	4.7	4.2	4.0	3.2
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	8.4	3.4	6.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.5
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-1.6	-12.6	-29.8	5.3	-39.3	-48.2	-6.7
Gross capital formation	4.4	3.5	2.6	4.4	4.9	1.8	3.1

Final domestic use of goods and services	3.8	3.3	2.4	3.6	3.7	3.0	3.0
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3.7	3.4	2.7	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.1
Final demand from general government	3.9	3.5	2.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.0

Total exports	-4.2	-2.1	-0.3	14.8	-3.6	-4.8	-12.2
¬ Traditional goods (export)	-1.3	1.3	1.4	5.0	-2.3	0.6	2.3
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	-9.1	-6.7	-0.7	26.3	-8.7	-12.6	-26.0
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	2.2	7.7	-17.4	19.2	2.6	11.3	-1.4
¬ Services (export)	2.8	2.3	-1.7	3.4	2.6	2.2	1.0

Total use of goods and services	0.9	1.4	1.4	7.4	1.3	0.1	-2.7

Total imports	3.5	1.4	3.0	3.8	1.2	1.4	-0.5
¬ Traditional goods (import)	0.9	1.1	0.8	3.8	0.0	0.9	-0.1
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-8.9	-12.3	-14.0	-2.6	-14.4	-17.8	-12.4
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	7.2	8.4	9.6	17.5	3.1	4.3	21.5
¬ Services (import)	7.9	2.2	6.5	3.8	3.2	2.5	-0.3

Gross domestic product, market values²	0.0	1.4	0.9	8.5	1.3	-0.3	-3.4
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	3.6	3.2	2.6	3.5	3.1	3.2	2.9

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	-10.7	-5.3	-4.4	26.1	-6.5	-12.0	-23.9
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	3.4	3.4	2.6	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.4
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2.9	3.2	2.5	3.6	3.0	3.0	3.3
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	2.6	4.2	3.4	6.5	7.5	-1.9	4.9
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	-3.1	4.3	-2.7	1.0	-1.4	7.8	9.3
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	4.4	2.8	3.5	3.9	3.2	2.7	1.7
¬ General government (GDP)	4.8	4.1	2.9	4.0	4.4	4.3	3.6
Taxes and subsidies products	5.1	1.2	3.1	1.8	0.9	2.5	-0.4
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

Table 8Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK million¹
	2024	2025	4th quarter 2024	1st quarter 2025	2nd quarter 2025	3rd quarter 2025	4th quarter 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	2 212 165	2 346 388	561 290	574 985	580 276	593 007	601 409
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	2 084 291	2 211 965	528 587	542 215	546 467	558 299	567 644
¬¬ Goods	831 627	900 482	210 184	218 323	221 588	227 513	233 781
¬¬ Services	1 164 079	1 228 992	297 960	301 678	305 384	310 205	313 606
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	170 141	181 558	44 645	45 935	43 697	45 659	46 468
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-81 556	-99 067	-24 203	-23 721	-24 201	-25 079	-26 211
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	127 875	134 423	32 703	32 770	33 808	34 708	33 765
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	1 187 108	1 245 266	301 759	306 737	310 254	313 225	314 960
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	608 481	647 908	154 919	158 281	161 772	163 250	164 405
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	529 055	556 112	134 245	136 633	139 084	140 001	140 245
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	79 426	91 796	20 673	21 648	22 688	23 249	24 159
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	578 627	597 358	146 841	148 455	148 482	149 975	150 556

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	1 235 211	1 289 959	321 445	306 945	320 291	318 556	343 786
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	259 345	283 444	68 594	64 791	73 723	71 338	73 550
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	9 405	2 823	5 632	547	734	693	849
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	966 461	1 003 692	247 218	241 608	245 835	246 524	269 387
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	476 461	501 040	123 185	122 242	122 257	123 462	132 968
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	10 556	9 482	2 640	2 004	1 942	2 548	2 968
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	317 271	328 790	83 725	81 571	79 886	80 511	86 752
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	73 244	77 218	18 460	17 636	18 779	19 837	20 930
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	75 391	85 551	18 360	21 031	21 650	20 565	22 317
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	207 290	208 648	50 685	50 928	51 876	52 220	53 625
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	282 709	294 004	73 349	68 438	71 701	70 843	82 794
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	311	329	77	80	82	85	83
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	38 275	-9 479	6 769	13 522	8 791	1 845	-28 350
Gross capital formation	1 273 797	1 280 810	328 291	320 548	329 165	320 486	315 518

Final domestic use of goods and services	4 673 070	4 872 464	1 191 341	1 202 270	1 219 694	1 226 718	1 231 887
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	4 365 734	4 595 346	1 110 267	1 123 329	1 136 365	1 152 757	1 185 756
Final demand from general government	1 469 818	1 539 270	375 108	375 174	381 955	384 068	397 754

Total exports	2 496 349	2 503 520	638 989	679 560	620 535	609 378	596 165
¬ Traditional goods (export)	671 680	724 461	174 983	178 190	174 178	184 240	187 864
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	1 169 314	1 099 907	290 758	327 958	280 685	257 911	235 337
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	12 115	15 407	3 740	5 997	3 109	3 014	3 287
¬ Services (export)	643 240	663 746	169 509	167 415	162 563	164 212	169 677

Total use of goods and services	7 169 419	7 375 984	1 830 330	1 881 830	1 840 229	1 836 096	1 828 052

Total imports	1 786 978	1 858 337	465 448	461 887	456 790	462 696	477 256
¬ Traditional goods (import)	1 036 982	1 084 743	263 137	268 955	265 779	268 776	281 662
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	20 744	20 679	4 513	5 357	5 028	4 690	5 328
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	41 163	23 537	18 972	7 205	7 062	4 759	4 511
¬ Services (import)	688 089	729 378	178 826	180 371	178 921	184 471	185 755

Gross domestic product, market values	5 382 441	5 517 648	1 364 882	1 419 943	1 383 439	1 373 400	1 350 796
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values	4 191 794	4 400 438	1 064 711	1 086 774	1 098 657	1 105 834	1 114 678

Petroleum activities and ocean transport²	1 190 647	1 117 209	300 171	333 169	284 782	267 565	236 118
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	3 717 522	3 911 968	944 268	966 217	977 877	982 973	990 025
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 823 977	2 970 602	716 517	734 862	743 640	745 884	751 430
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	317 339	343 870	81 444	85 011	90 023	84 654	87 314
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	446 790	468 495	109 950	117 548	114 605	117 991	117 867
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	2 059 848	2 158 238	525 124	532 302	539 011	543 239	546 250
¬ General government (GDP)	893 544	941 365	227 751	231 355	234 237	237 089	238 594
Taxes and subsidies products	474 272	488 471	120 443	120 557	120 780	122 861	124 653
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry
²Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

Table 9Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.¹
	2024	2025	4th quarter 2024	1st quarter 2025	2nd quarter 2025	3rd quarter 2025	4th quarter 2025
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1.3	2.7	-0.2	0.9	0.6	1.3	1.0
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1.3	2.7	0.1	1.0	0.4	1.1	1.4
¬¬ Goods	1.1	5.4	0.8	1.8	1.7	1.3	2.7
¬¬ Services	1.3	1.8	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.5
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	8.1	3.4	2.8	0.0	-4.0	3.8	2.3
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	13.7	17.8	17.9	-3.0	1.6	2.6	3.7
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	1.6	2.4	-5.5	-0.2	2.7	4.8	-5.1
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	1.7	1.5	0.0	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	2.8	2.8	0.1	1.3	0.7	0.4	0.7
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	2.1	1.5	-0.3	1.1	0.3	0.1	0.4
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	8.1	11.3	2.9	2.5	3.3	2.3	2.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	0.7	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.3	0.0

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-1.4	1.3	0.2	-5.4	3.1	0.1	7.2
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	4.8	8.2	2.2	-5.7	12.9	-0.4	3.9
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-58.3	-71.9	92.3	-90.2	30.5	-2.3	6.9
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	-1.7	0.2	-1.4	-3.4	0.5	0.2	8.2
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	0.7	1.9	1.1	-2.1	-1.1	1.4	6.7
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	140.8	-12.7	-22.5	-25.8	-2.7	30.4	16.8
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	1.1	0.4	3.7	-4.2	-3.1	1.6	6.7
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	-1.0	2.2	1.7	-5.9	4.4	6.1	5.2
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-6.9	10.1	-6.4	14.9	1.7	-5.6	7.3
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	-12.2	-3.6	-4.0	-0.9	0.4	0.1	2.0
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	3.3	0.0	-3.6	-7.4	3.4	-1.7	15.2
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	2.8	2.5	-4.3	14.4	-2.9	-3.4	-0.4
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-28.5	..	-85.0	769.1	-29.7	-83.5	..
Gross capital formation	-2.6	-2.8	-3.5	-0.2	1.2	-3.3	-6.8

Final domestic use of goods and services	0.3	0.9	-1.1	0.6	0.7	-0.3	-1.2
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	0.8	1.8	-0.4	-0.1	0.5	0.7	2.4
Final demand from general government	2.0	1.2	-0.7	-0.9	0.9	-0.2	3.1

Total exports	5.8	2.4	1.8	-1.4	0.6	3.8	3.6
¬ Traditional goods (export)	3.4	6.4	4.0	-0.3	1.8	4.1	-0.6
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	4.9	0.8	-1.5	-1.8	3.4	4.5	5.7
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	30.4	18.1	71.9	48.7	-48.9	-8.2	27.7
¬ Services (export)	10.2	0.9	5.1	-3.2	-4.2	2.3	3.9

Total use of goods and services	2.3	1.4	0.0	-0.2	0.7	1.2	0.6

Total imports	5.0	2.6	0.7	-1.4	-0.3	1.1	3.6
¬ Traditional goods (import)	3.3	3.5	-1.5	1.3	0.5	0.4	4.8
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-13.9	13.6	-23.1	18.6	-0.1	-3.7	16.4
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	21.0	-47.3	77.6	-63.6	1.9	-29.5	-25.1
¬ Services (import)	7.9	3.7	0.7	0.2	-1.5	3.6	1.9

Gross domestic product, market values²	1.4	1.1	-0.3	0.2	1.0	1.3	-0.3
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	0.6	1.8	-0.2	0.8	0.5	0.1	0.4

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	3.9	-0.9	-0.5	-1.7	2.4	5.0	-2.6
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	0.8	1.7	-0.1	0.8	0.5	0.1	0.2
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	0.4	1.9	-0.1	0.9	0.7	0.1	0.1
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	0.9	4.0	0.1	1.1	2.5	-0.6	-0.7
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	-1.6	0.6	-1.6	2.1	0.1	-1.3	-1.8
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.9	1.9	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7
¬ General government (GDP)	1.9	1.2	0.0	0.7	0.2	0.0	0.3
Taxes and subsidies products	-0.3	1.8	-1.1	0.8	0.3	0.6	2.4
¹Figures from 2024 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

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About the statistics

The information under «About the statistics» was last updated 23 February 2023.

Definitions of the main concepts and variables

See Concepts and definitions in national accounts for explanations.

Valuation

Registration of values: A transaction may be registered at different values, depending on under which circumstances it is registered. Different concepts regarding valuation are also relevant for the general aspect of registration (cf. cash values or accruals values, and other principles for the recording of statistical data). The transactions of variables in the national accounts follow the accrual principle. Thus, taxes and subsidies on production should be registered as accrued values and not as cash values as recorded in the government accounts.

In the description of the transaction of goods and services several price concepts are used. Output is valued at basic prices. Basic price is the price the seller receives, after corresponding taxes on the product are deducted (and subsidies added). The use categories, both intermediate consumption and final use, are valued at purchaser prices, that is the price the purchaser must pay. Exports are valued at fob (free on board), while imports are valued at cif (cost-insurance-freight).

The value added of an industry is "valued" at basic prices (calculated as output at basic prices less intermediate consumption at purchaser prices). The total value added of all the industries is also "valued" at basic prices.

GDP is "valued" at market prices, which means that taxes on products, including VAT, less subsidies on products are added to the total value added of the industries at basic prices.

Standard classifications

The accounting system of the Norwegian national accounts is based on the international standards for national accounts, i.e. 2008 SNA and ESA 2010. The accounting system outlines the framework and contents for production of national accounts statistics. The level of detail in the classifications used for compilation of quarterly and preliminary annual national accounts are more aggregated than in that used for calculation of the annual national accounts.

In addition to accounting structure, the international standards give recommendations of groupings or classifications to be used in the national accounts:

Activity classification

The classification of Industries in the National Accounts follows the Norwegian Standard Industrial Classification (SN2007), which is based on NACE Rev.2. Several levels of aggregation have been introduced for publication and reporting purposes.

Classification of non-financial assets and gross fixed capital formation

Non-financial assets are classified by type of aggregates defined in 2008 SNA, such as fixed assets, inventories, valuables, and non-produced assets, including both tangible assets such as land, subsoil-assets, water resources etc., and intangible assets such as transferable contracts etc. Gross fixed capital formation is grouped by main type within building and construction, machinery and equipment and transportation equipment.

Product classification

The product classification used in the national accounts is based on the EU's standard product classification CPA - Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Community. The CPA groups products by activities, i.e. it defines characteristic products within each activity and connects them to the activity classification NACE Rev.2. The annual accounts supply and use tables contain about 700 products, in addition to which some products are also incorporated purely for technical reasons. The system to elaborate preliminary annual and quarterly accounts contains about 90 products. The separation on products might to large extent be considered as a tool to balance the national account system and to undertake calculations in constants prices.

Classification of individual consumption by purpose

The classification of Consumption expenditure groups in the National Accounts is based on the international classification COICOP - Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose, published by the UN.

Classification of the functions of government

The classification of the functions of government by purpose applies to all types of general government expenses, such as government final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, subsidies, property rents (i.e. expenses), capital transfers and other transfers for use in government financial accounts and in the national accounts. This classification is based on the international classification COFOG - Classification of the Functions of Government, published by the UN.

Classification of the purpose of non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)

This is a minor purpose classification which applies to expenses of NPISHs. It is based on the international classification COPNI - Classification of the Purposes of the Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households, published by the UN.

Background and purpose

The national accounts (NA) statistics are designed to provide a consistent and comprehensive survey of the overall national economy. The national accounts give both a summarised description of the economy as a whole and a detailed description of transactions between different parts of the Norwegian economy, and between Norway and the rest of the world. The national accounts also provide information on capital stocks and employment.

The first Norwegian national accounts based on modern principles were published by Statistics Norway in 1952. Annual series national accounts were calculated back to 1865 during the 1950th.

Final annual national accounts figures are based on all available final economic statistics and therefore take time to produce. The purpose of the quarterly national accounts is to provide updated information about short-term developments in the Norwegian economy based on an overall, consistent accounting system. Statistics Norway has produced and released quarterly national accounts (QNA) on a regular basis from 1953 but were not published at fixed intervals from the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s. A new model for a QNA system was developed at the beginning of the 1980s and has been used since 1985, with some modifications.

National accounts are used as a tool to compare the economic situation in different countries, and therefore it is important that the national accounts in various countries are based on a common template. Staff involved in elaborating national accounts in Statistics Norway participated actively in developing international recommendations and concepts regarding national accounts. The first international standard for national accounts, 1953 System of National Accounts (1953 SNA), was published by UN in 1953.

From time to time adaptations or changes are made to the common international recommendations for national accounts. This requires corresponding changes in the construction of the Norwegian national accounts. At different time intervals, new source statistics are produced and indicate that parts of the national accounts figures need to be revised. Since one objective of the national accounts is to provide a picture of the development over time which is as correct as possible, it is not possible to introduce such changes from one year to another. With different time intervals, it will therefore be necessary to carry out major revisions of the national accounts figures, so-called main revisions, in order to introduce adaptations due to new international recommendations or introduce new levels based on new statistical sources. As part of these main revisions the time series are also revised so that the revised national accounts can give a consistent picture of the economic development over time.

In recent decades, Statistics Norway has carried out main revisions published in 1995, 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2014. The main purpose of main revision published in November 2014, was to incorporate updated international recommendations in 2008 SNA andESA 2010. Changes due to this main revision are described, among else, in the article Main revision 2014. Planned changes in the national accounts statistics. The publication History of national accounts in Norway. From free research to statistics regulated by law also provides more information about the history of national accounts in Norway, including main revisions. In the future main revisions of the national accounts normally will be carried out every five years.

Since the QNA are completely harmonised with the annual national accounts, it is also necessary to revise the QNA figures once the annual national accounts figures have been revised.

Users and applications

The quarterly figures are mostly used for observation and analysis of the current economic cycle. The QNA figures also serve as a basis for making forecasts of the future economic development, the government’s work with the national budget and other economic planning. In addition, the QNA contribute with material for research and development. Annual and quarterly national accounts are a useful tool for analyses of the economic development and structures in Norway. The national accounts are also used to compare the economy in different countries.

The annual and quarterly national accounts therefore have a wide group of users, from school pupils and students to public and private institutions that actively use the statistics in their analyses and investigation of economic structure and development. Active users include the Research Department in Statistics Norway, the Ministry of Finance, Norges Bank, international organisations such as the IMF, the OECD, the World Bank, the UN and Eurostat, resident and non-resident financial sector analysts, and the media.

Equal treatment of users

No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 08.00 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.

Coherence with other statistics

The monthly figures are the basis for quarterly figures, quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be deviations between the monthly and quarterly figures in the two months before the new quarter is calculated. The deviations will mainly apply to seasonally adjusted figures. In addition, the monthly publication includes a table showing rolling numbers for three and three months. The three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in the rolling table for July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter.

All historical figures are consistent with both preliminary and final annual national accounts figures in fixed and current prices

The Norwegian Balance of Payments (BOP) is an integrated part of the Norwegian system of national accounts, and the BOP figures are fully consistent with other preliminary and final quarterly and annual national accounts figures. Furthermore, quarterly and annual national accounts figures are fully consistent and compatible with the institutional sector accounts. The regional national accounts, and various satellite accounts (environment, tourism, health, non-profit institutions, education) are consistent with the above mentioned national accounts statistics. Previous published figures from the regional accounts and various satellite accounts are, however, not revised as a part of main revision of the national accounts, so figures for previous years may not necessarily be compatible with updated NA time series.

As mentioned in the chapter "Production: Data sources and sampling", the national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The source statistics may not use the same definitions or groupings as used in the national accounts. As a result, figures in the source statistics may be adapted or corrected before being used in the national accounts. Published figures in the source statistics of certain industries may therefore not correspond to published figures in the national accounts.

Legal authority

Not relevant

EEA reference

Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 (ESA 2010).
The European Parliament and of the council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union (text with EEA relevance).

Population

The coverage of the national accounts is defined by international guidelines in the 2008 System of National Accounts (2008 SNA), published by the UN, the OECD, the IMF, the World Bank, and the Commission of the European Communities, and theEuropean System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010).

The total national economy, and the distinction between the national economy and foreign countries, is defined in terms of resident units. A unit is defined as a resident unit of the country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of the country - i.e. when it is involved in economic activities on this territory for an extended period of time (one year or more).

Two basic types of information are recorded in the national accounts: flows and stocks. Flows refer to actions and effects of events that take place within a given period of time, for example the output of an industry in one year. Stocks refer to positions at a certain point of time, for example the value of capital stock or the number of employed persons.

The national accounts consist of two main sets of tables; supply and use tables (SUT), also described as the real accounts, and the institutional sector accounts. The real accounts are based on local kind-of-activity units (KAUs), while the institutional sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are economic entities that are capable of owning goods and assets, of incurring liabilities and of engaging in economic activities and transactions with other units in their own right. An institutional unit contains one or more local kind-of-activity units (local KAUs). The local KAUs are classified by type of activity. An activity is characterised by an input of products, a production process and an output of products. All local KAUs engaged in the same or similar kind-of-activity constitute an industry.

The SUT at current and constant prices gives a structured overview of the supply (output and import) and use (final consumption, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, export and intermediate consumption) of products (goods and services) in the economy. For each industry the value added is calculated as the difference between output and intermediate consumption. The value added in an industry can also be decomposed into compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, other taxes on production (net of subsidies) and operating surplus. The real accounts also give information on fixed assets, as well as wages, hours worked, full-time equivalent persons and employed persons by industry. Monthly national accounts does not include figures for employment etc..

Furthermore, the real accounts provide the basis for the calculation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other central macroeconomic measures. The annual growth in volume and price are calculated for most variables.

The non-financial sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are capable of providing a full set of accounts. The non-financial sector accounts describe all economic transactions in the various sectors. The accounts also provide information on the stocks financial and non-financial capital. Financial sector accounts are also based on institutional units. The institutional units are grouped in institutional sectors on the basis of their principal economic functions, behavior and objectives. The non-financial sector accounts are consistent with the real accounts. The further description of the national accounts covers the part of the national accounts that is based on the annual SUT (the real accounts).

The coverage of the preliminary annual and quarterly real accounts is the same as the final annual SUT

The accounting structure in the system that produces monthly, quarterly and preliminary annual figures (MNA) is, however, more aggregated than in the system that produces the final annual SUT. While the SUT in the annual accounts consists of about 130 industry groups and 700 product groups, the SUT in the MNA consists of about 80 industry groups and 120 product groups. The MNA and QNA system produces tables with seasonal adjusted figures for industries' value added, household consumption for aggregated consumption groups and for central macroeconomic measures. However, only tables for final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis, while the QNA contain more details.

Data sources and sampling

The calculations of the annual real accounts are based on statistics from several different sources, such as the structural business statistics for manufacturing and other industries, accounting statistics for general government and enterprises, statistics for wages and earnings, external trade statistics, household consumer surveys and employment statistics. Some parts of the national accounts are compiled more or less directly from the source statistics, while other parts are based on calculations and estimates.

Monthly information is used for compiling monthly national accounts, such as the production index of industrial production, the index for retail sales, consumer price index, building statistics, producer price indices and much more. For some service industries where we lack explicit production indicators, monthly information about jobs, working days and absence is obtained from the A-ordning. For investments where we only have quarterly information, such as oil investments, quarterly figures are conventionally distributed by month. In the months before we get the so-called oil census, the development is used in the planned investment figures reported together with those performed for a quarter. In connection with the work on the QNA, quarterly information is incorporated and an update of the previous months is made. Quarterly national accounts will appear as the sum of the three months in the quarter.

The source statistics used to calculate national accounts are with a few exceptions produced by Statistics Norway.

Having the reporting responsibility to Eurostat, the Division for National Accounts occasionally documents the calculations for the final annual national accounts, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.

In addition, there are a number of reports giving more detailed documentation of calculation of figures for various specific industry groups or other parts of the national accounts (mostly in Norwegian only).

The documentation report for the Quarterly national accounts gives an overview of central sources and methods used for quarterly accounts compilation. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.

Collection of data, editing and estimations

Compilation of the final annual real accounts

The annual national accounts are mainly based on statistics collected by other divisions in Statistics Norway. To some extent data produced by external suppliers are also used.

The process of compiling the final annual national accounts starts with the calculation of independent supply and use estimates for all goods and services at current prices. To some extent, source data are extracted directly from the databases and converted into national accounts codes and format. Other parts of the economy are based on more complex calculations, by means of different statistical sources and/or assessments.

The source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some areas, the statistics have to be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the national accounts. In areas where the statistics are incomplete, evaluations are essential. In the process of estimating national accounts data, estimated national accounts figures are critically evaluated and controlled in several steps.

Finally, supply and use for each of these goods and services are balanced using supplementary information and quality assessments of the various statistical sources. This results in integrated supply and use tables at current prices.

The figure below gives an outline of the calculation system for final annual national accounts figures. First, detailed figures are calculated and balanced in current prices. Then the system calculates figures in constant prices, based on the detailed current price figures and corresponding price indices. The deflation (current values being divided by price indices) takes place at the most detailed product level: A price index is allocated to each detailed product. The individual products are as price homogeneous as possible. Constant price figures in the annual national accounts are calculated using the price level of the previous year, which means that the base year is changed every
year.

The deflation approach has in fact two dimensions, (i) differentiated by main categories of supply and use (deflating output, imports, exports and implicitly for domestic use), and (ii) differentiated through valuation (deflating current values at basic prices by price indices and implicitly determining the other value components, including adjustments against values at purchaser prices). The method used to calculate constant figures is called double deflation, i.e. a separate deflation of output and intermediate consumption is carried out in order to arrive at value added at constant prices as a balancing item, based on a detailed input-output framework (supply and use tables).

Figure 1. The calculation system for final annual NA figures (Click)

For a more detailed documentation, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.

Compilation of the MNA and QNA

The majority of the short-term statistics produced by Statistics Norway are transferred to the MNA system by use of a direct link to the relevant databases. The information in the data sources about growth is used more or less directly in the MNA system. Some other input data series in the MNA system, however, are based more or less on calculations and estimations, using various types of information from Statistics Norway and other sources. Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months

The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The quarterly figures within a specific year t become final 21 months later after the end of the year t. In addition, periodical main revisions generate revised figures.

In the process of calculating MNA or QNA figures for a specific month or quarter, the short-term statistics source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some cases, the information in the source statistics must be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the quarterly national accounts. In the process to estimate MNA data estimated MNA figures are critically evaluated and controlled in many steps.

Monthly process
The figure below gives an overview of the Norwegian MNA and QNA estimation process. The figure shows that the MNA system is based on two main pillars: a) The SUT for the (final) annual national accounts and b) short-term statistics.

Figure 2. The computing system in the Norwegian MNA/QNA

The main principle in the MNA system is that the national accounts figures for the current quarter are computed based on the development of short-term indicators and the current-price figures from the base year. The base year (t-2) is the latest calculated final version of the annual national accounts. The method is the same for most common variables: The value in the base year is given the same growth rate (percentage change) as in the appropriate indicator, or a grouping of different relevant indicators.

A simple projection method, based on the development in previous periods, is used if an indicator does not cover the whole period from the base year to the current quarter.

The indicator compilations are made in the indicator process (box 2 in the figure).

However, the indicator process alone does not give a complete harmonised account at current and constant prices. To calculate values for variables that are not calculated in the indicator compilations, and to harmonise the accounts, we use an input-output model (box 3 in the figure).

The input-output model includes a commodity-flow balance, a price input-output system and a set of equations for summaries and definitions. It now comprises over 12 000 equations in total. The input-output coefficients are calculated from the SUT in the base year. The variables calculated in the indicator compilations are transferred to the input-output model as exogenous variables. To calculate balanced accounts at current prices we need price indices on all supply and use categories. These are computed in the model by weighting together product price indices with the input-output coefficients as weights. Each product gets three different price indices, one for resident output delivered to the home market (to resident users), a second for import and a third for export.

The price index for an industry’s total output is then calculated as a weighted average of the price indices for the home and export market using the input-output coefficients as weights. The price indices of intermediate consumption, final consumption expenditure and gross fixed capital formation are calculated in a similar way, using the import and home market price indices and the input-output coefficients.

The model also calculates variables which are not covered by short-term statistics or other information and therefore not calculated in the indicator process. These calculations are based on simple assumptions. For instance, intermediate consumption for most industries at constant prices (the total except FISIM) is assumed to be a fixed proportion of total output for the relevant industry. The distribution of intermediate consumption (except FISIM) on different products at constant prices is also assumed to be the same as in the base year. The industries’ use of FISIM as intermediate consumption is supposed to equal the growth in total output of FISIM services. Output in the retail and wholesale trade activities in constant prices is assumed to follow the development of the use of the various goods in constant prices, such as household consumption, intermediate consumption and gross fixed capital formation of the various specific goods (that means supposed fixed margins).

Changes in stock of separate products are (for most products) calculated as the difference between the total supply and use of the product. As in the annual NA, the changes in stock may be adjusted if that seems reasonable after an evaluation of the figures.

The results are stored in the time series database (box 4 in the figure), which, among other things, provides the basis for different sets of tables (box 6). At the moment there are two different sets of tables (with seasonal unadjusted figures), sets for internal checks and analyses of data and more aggregated sets of data for publishing.

Process 1-4 describes how the quarterly seasonally unadjusted figures are estimated. The unadjusted figures are seasonally adjusted (box 5) using a seasonal adjustment program.

The method adopted to compile the MNA is highly mechanical. This applies to the update of variables in the national accounts based on short-term statistics as well as the balancing of commodities, the computation of indirect taxes and factor incomes and the overall balancing of the GDP and main aggregates. Technically, the data systems are programmed in FAME and TROLL (the latter is used for the input-output model only).

Checks and/or the evaluation of data are, however, performed in several steps. The MNA system offers a unique opportunity to compare different types of input data. The evaluation of the different sources is done in close contact with the relevant statistics divisions in Statistics Norway. A more thorough evaluation is being done when processing and publishing quarterly figures, while the monthly process is more automated and less profound. Therefore, only final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis while the quarterly accounts offer more details.

Quarterly figures are calculated as the total of three months at quarterly releases. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be a mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months. This applies mainly to seasonally adjusted numbers. That is, when you get a new observation (new month), it will normally affect the seasonally adjusted figures back in time. We do not update the QNA numbers that have also been sent to international organizations before the next quarters release. At the same time, we show figures for three-month growth. This is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter. This means that users may get a continuous update of the quarterly figures by looking at the monthly publication.

Annual process and alignment

The MNA system is updated with a new base year every year (i.e. the latest final version of the annual accounts). The database for the annual accounts (box 1a), as well as the base data and coefficients in the harmonisation model (box 3) are updated. At the same time, it is possible to implement new indicators, carry out changes in the input series and in the model, etc. Such changes are not carried out in an ordinary monthly or quarterly process.

The recalculation of the monthly accounts is carried out by distributing the annual figures between the months using the original monthly figures as keys. The recalculated monthly accounts will then add up to the annual accounts at constant and current prices.

The harmonisation is based on the principle that the differences between the monthly changes to the original and harmonised series shall be as small as possible. The monthly accounts should add up to the figures in the annual accounts.

When the base year is updated the MNA for that year is aligned automatically.

Reference year

All figures are published at current prices and (for most sizes) constant prices (i.e. the accounts also specify volume and price changes). Constant-price estimates in the national accounts are calculated based on the previous year's prices; i.e. the base year is changed every year. Subsequently, data on volume changes are constructed in terms of growth rates and corresponding implicit data on changes in prices. In parallel, time series of volume figures are constructed by using prices from a reference year. The constant-price estimates are consistent with the data on changes in volume in the series of growth rates. Since the chaining is carried out separately for all items, the table components do not, however, necessarily add up to the totals of the same table.

The publication Quarterly national accounts gives more information about sources, methods and the processes used to calculate quaterly NA figures. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.

Seasonal adjustment

The methods and routines used to produce seasonally adjusted figures are described in the chapter About seasonal adjustment.

Confidentiality

§ 2-6 of the Statistics Act states that data under no circumstances shall be published in such a way that they may be traced back to the supplier. This means that the general rule is not to publish data if there are fewer than three enterprises in an industry. In practice, this means that for some detailed industry categories, figures must be aggregated up to a more aggregated industry group before they can be published.

Comparability over time and space

Consistent monthly time series will exist back to 2016. Consistent quarterly time series will exist back to 1978 and annual time series back to 1970. Annual NA figures for the years 1865-1970 are based on the previous standards used for the national accounts and are not compatible with the up to date figures after the latest main revision of the NA.

Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months, see the description of the monthly process above.

Monthly figures, and thus quarterly figures, are aligned with the final annual national accounts figures, both in fixed and current prices. The other parts of the national accounts, such as income and capital accounts, and foreign accounts are also consistent and consistent with MNA.

Sources of error and uncertainty

The national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The sources are either survey data from establishments, enterprises or households, or data from registers. National accounts statistics reflect the inaccuracy in the statistical sources and the methods of compilation. Weaknesses and inaccuracy in the statistical sources are normally described in the documentation of the relevant sources.

Since the national accounts are an integrated system with balancing methods and consistency checks, the national accounts may reduce some of the inaccuracies in the statistical sources. On the other hand, national accounts require the compilation of statistics in areas where the sources are unsatisfactory, and the inaccuracy in such areas may therefore be significant. Some of the figures in the national accounts are estimated as residuals, and the uncertainty may be substantial in these areas. Examples are the compilation of changes in inventories and operating surplus by activity.

The EU Commission and Eurostat have completed a quality evaluation of the national accounts in all EEA countries. The conclusion was that "The Norwegian national accounts are of a high quality, soundly based on reliable and exhaustive sources, integrated in a system with a detailed product breakdown". (Report on the sources and methods used in compiling GNP in Norway, Eurostat/B1/CPNB/237/EN, 9 December 1997, Luxembourg.)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed an evaluation of central parts of Norwegian macroeconomic statistics in autumn 2002, including the Norwegian national accounts. In the report IMF (2003), the Norwegian macroeconomic statistics, including the national accounts, got positive reviews: "In summary, Norway's macroeconomic statistics are of generally high quality." About the national accounts, the IMF also expressed that: "The source data for both the annual and the quarterly national accounts are generally sound and timely, and sufficiently portray reality."

The production of several of the sources that are used in the national accounts takes a considerable amount of time. Consequently, preliminary figures are more inaccurate than final figures.

In 2003, Statistics Norway carried out a project to evaluate the quality of the Norwegian QNA. The task of the project was to describe and evaluate the different processes in the system, and set up a plan for further work to improve quality. A project report was released in April 2004 (in Norwegian only). The report lists a variety of measures to increase quality, such as changes in the organisation of the QNA process, technical changes in the data system, an increase and improvement of the documentation related to the QNA system etc.

Another way of measuring the general quality of the QNA figures is to compare the preliminary annual figures from the first version of the annual accounts (by adding up the quarters in the QNA) with the final version. This was done in 2004. The article (in Norwegian only) looks at the growth rates of the main aggregates: GDP, GDP for mainland Norway, household consumption, government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, exports, imports and compensation of employees. For most variables, the study covers the years 1972-2002, while for some variables it covers the years 1993-2002. The study concludes that the preliminary figures generally had underestimated the growth rate in relation to the final figures, but that the overall picture did not differ too much.

Revision

The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The monthly and quarterly figures within a specific year t have the status final 21 months after the end of the year. See Administrative information, Frequency and timeliness. In addition, periodical main revisions give revised figures. See Background and purpose. The table below shows the publication cycle for yearly and quarterly national accounts figures. In addition to what is stated in the table, monthly data will be published about 40 days after the end of the month. In May, year t (which coincides with the QNR for the first quarter), all months, also in year t-1, can be revised. After May year t, only the monthly figures for the current year are subject to revision.

Publication cycle for quarterly and yearly national accounts figures
Release date in:	1st quarter year t	2nd quarter year t	3rd quarter year t	4th quarter year t
May, year t	First preliminary version	Revised 3 for year t-1	Revised 2 for year t-1	Revised 1 for year t-1
August, year t	Revised 1 Revised 5 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	First preliminary version Revised 4 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	Revised 3 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	Revised 2 for year t-1 Final for year t-2
November, year t	Revised 2	Revised 1	First preliminary version	Revised 3 for year t-1
February, year t	Revised 3 for year t-1	Revised 2 for year t-1	Revised 1	First preliminary version for year t-1

General information on seasonal adjustment

What is seasonal adjustment?

Monthly and quarterly time series are often characterised by considerable seasonal variations, which might complicate inter-period comparability. Such time series are therefore subjected to a process of seasonal adjustment in order to remove the effects of seasonal fluctuations. Once data have been adjusted for seasonal effects by X-12-ARIMA or some other seasonal adjustment tool, a clearer picture of the time series emerge.

For more information on seasonal adjustment, please refer to Statistics Norway’s: metadata on methods: seasonal adjustment.

Why seasonally adjust these statistics?

Because of climatic conditions, public holidays and holidays in July and December, the intensity of the production varies throughout the year. The same applies to household consumption and other parts of the economy.

This makes a direct comparison of two consecutive months or quarters difficult. In order to adjust for these conditions, the quarterly national accounts are seasonally adjusted which makes it possible to conduct an analysis of the underlying change in economic activity between periods.

It is important to mention some factors of the seasonally adjustment of the MNA which has to be given specific attention compared to other short time economic indicators:

- The series for the main aggregates in the MNA is a result of aggregation of many components. Statistics Norway has chosen that consistency between the components and the main aggregates also applies to the seasonally adjusted series to make it easy to identify which series contribute the most to the results.

- Data may be exposed to some revisions each month as well as major revisions when the the preliminary national accounts are reconciled with final national accounts

Background information

- To seasonally adjust the GDP (and all other aggregates) we use an indirect method. This is done in order to be able to explain the contributions to GDP-growth, and consensus is that this is the preferred method for this kind of data. Please see chapter below for more details on the direct vs. indirect approach to seasonal adjustment.

- This method has given us some challenges related to the seasonally adjusted historical series. The reason is that series older than the base year are not additive. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.

- We use information from the entire period of the time series to estimate seasonal adjustment factors, but we use this information only from the year before the base year to the present.

The method chosen is in accordance with the ESS-Guidelines on seasonal adjustment.

Seasonally adjusted series

Over a thousand series are seasonally adjusted every month. The series are adjusted at a disaggregated level and then summed up to the main aggregates.

The series for gross value added at industry level are adjusted directly, as opposed to being calculated as the difference between production and intermediate consumption.

For final consumption expenditure of households, the series are seasonally adjusted by applying the seasonal factors that are estimated for the index of household consumption of goods (see the documentation for seasonal adjustment of the index of household consumption of goods).

Pre-treatment

Pre-treatment routines/schemes

Pre-treatment is an adjustment for variations caused by calendar effects and outliers.

We run a pre-treatment of some series/main series.

Calendar adjustment

Calendar adjustment involves adjusting for the effects of working days/trading days and for moving holidays. Working days/trading days adjustments are made for both the number of working days/trading days and for the varying composition of days from one month to another.

It is performed calendar adjustments on all series showing significant and plausible calendar effects within a statistically robust approach, such as regression or RegARIMA (a regression model with an ARIMA structure for the residuals).

Methods for trading/working day adjustment

RegARIMA correction – in this case, the effect of trading days is estimated in a RegArima framework. The effect of trading days can be estimated by using a correction for the length of the month or leap year, regressing the series on the number of working days, etc. In this case, the residuals will have an ARIMA structure.

Correction for moving holidays

We run an automati correction with X-12-ARIMA. The utomatic correction of raw data will be based on Norwegian holidays.

National and EU/euro area calendars

Use of the Norwegian calendar with X-12-ARIMA.

Treatment of outliers

Outliers, or extreme values, are abnormal values of the series

Outliers are detected automatically by the seasonal adjustment tool. The outliers are removed before seasonal adjustment is carried out, and then reintroduced into the seasonally adjusted data.

Model selection

Pre-treatment requires choosing an ARIMA model, as well as deciding whether the data should be log-transformed or not.

Decomposition scheme

The decomposition scheme specifies how the various components – basically trend-cycle, seasonal and irregular – combine to form the original series. The most frequently used decomposition schemes are the multiplicative and additive.

Manual selection of decomposition scheme after graphical inspection of the properties to the specific series.

Comments: Additive decomposition is used for series with (potential) negative values or values equal zero, otherwise multiplicative decomposition is used.

Seasonal adjustment

Choice of seasonal adjustment approach

X-12-ARIMA

Consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted data

In some series, consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted series is imposed.

No constraints are applied.

Consistency between aggregate/definition of seasonally adjusted data

In some series, consistency between seasonally adjusted aggregates and its components is imposed. For some series there is also a special relationship between the different series, e.g. GDP which equals production minus intermediate consumption.

Definitions and relationships that hold for unadjusted figures also apply for seasonally adjusted figures.

Comments: The supply side equals the use side also for seasonally adjusted figures. This implies that changes in stocks/statistical discrepancies are treated as a residual in the seasonally adjusted figures (balancing item). The series for gross value added are adjusted directly (see chapter 1.3) and are not required to match the difference between seasonally adjusted series for production and intermediate consumption (thus, vertical – not horizontal – consistency is imposed).

Direct versus indirect approach

Direct seasonal adjustment is performed if all time series, including aggregates, are seasonally adjusted on an individual basis. Indirect seasonal adjustment is performed if the seasonally adjusted estimate for a time series is derived by combining the estimates for two or more directly adjusted series.

Mixed indirect approach is applied

Comments: MNA uses aggregation routines outside X-12-ARIMA.

Horizon for estimating the model and the correction factors

When performing seasonal adjustment of a time series, it is possible to choose the period to be used in estimating the model and the correction factors. Correction factors are the factors used in the pre-treatment and seasonal adjustment of the series.

The whole time series is used to estimate the model and the correction factors

Audit procedures

General revision policy

Seasonally adjusted data may change due to a revision of the unadjusted (raw) data or the addition of new data. Such changes are called revisions, and there are several ways to deal with the problem of revisions when publishing the seasonally adjusted statistics.

Seasonally adjusted numbers are revised in accordance with a well-defined and publicly available revision policy and release calendar.

Concurrent versus current adjustment

The model, filters, outliers and regression parameters are re-identified and re-estimated as new or revised data become available.

Horizon for published revisions

The individual series will be revised when seasonal factors are re-estimated. Concerning the main aggregates the period of revisions is limited from the base year to the present.

Comments: This applies as long as the unadjusted figures before the base year remains unchanged. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.

Quality of seasonal adjustment

Evaluation of seasonally adjustment data

Continuous/periodical evaluation using standard measures proposed by different seasonal adjustment tools.

Special cases

All series are sufficiently long to perform a seasonal adjustment.

Posting procedures

Data availability

Both unadjusted (raw), seasonally adjusted and sum rolling three months data are available.

Press releases

In addition to raw data, at least one of the following series is released: pre-treated, seasonally adjusted, seasonally plus working day adjusted trend-cycle series.
Both levels and growth rates are presented.
Empirical values are presented to evaluate revisions of data in earlier press releases.

References

Statistics Norway’s metadata on methods: seasonal adjustment
The Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics: ESS-Guidelines on seasonal adjustment
EUROSTAT: Seasonal Adjustment. Methods and Practices
US census: X-12-ARIMA-manual

Relevant documentation

Not relevant

Contact

Pål Sletten

pal.sletten@ssb.no (+47) 99 29 06 84

Ingunn Sagelvmo

ingunn.sagelvmo@ssb.no (+47) 40 90 26 32

Statistikk innhold

National accounts

Selected figures from these statistics

Detailed tables: