National accounts

Updated: 12 May 2023

Next update: 13 June 2023

Change in volume in GDP Mainland Norway from the previous quarter

1st quarter 2023

0.2

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2023	January 2023	February 2023	March 2023
Gross domestic product	3.9	3.3	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.4
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway	4.2	3.8	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.5
Petroleum activities and ocean transport	1.9	-1.1	0.9	0.4	0.5	-0.2
Final domestic use of goods and services	2.6	4.4	-0.2	-0.4	1.0	-0.9
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISH	4.4	6.9	-5.1	-11.1	2.2	1.4
Final consumption expenditure of general government	5.0	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.1
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-0.8	4.3	-0.1	0.5	-3.0	2.6
Total exports	5.8	5.9	1.7	-0.7	0.4	3.1
Total imports	1.7	9.2	0.3	-1.9	3.7	-0.9

Employed persons	1.2	3.9	0.5
Total hours worked	2.4	3.9	0.6
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are preliminary.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 11721

StatBank source table 09175

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09174

Selected tables and figures from this statistics

Table 1Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period¹
	August 2022	September 2022	October 2022	November 2022	December 2022	January 2023	February 2023	March 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	0.7	0.9	1.2	1.4	6.4	-11.1	2.2	1.4
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	0.8	1.0	1.3	1.4	6.9	-11.7	2.3	1.5
¬¬ Goods	1.1	1.4	1.2	2.9	13.6	-23.0	4.5	2.6
¬¬ Services	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	3.1	2.1	6.2	0.7	3.8	-1.3	3.1	2.0
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	2.0	-0.9	-0.2	3.9	2.3	4.8	1.8	-2.1
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.1	-1.3	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	0.3	0.4	1.0	-0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	0.3	0.6	1.4	-0.4	0.4	-0.5	0.2	0.0
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	0.4	0.5	1.5	-0.5	0.4	-0.6	0.2	0.0
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	-0.2	0.8	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.3
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	0.2	0.2	0.6	-0.2	0.1	1.1	0.1	0.1
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	5.4	-2.0	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.5	-3.0	2.6
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	-0.7	-1.9	5.5	1.5	0.8	0.0	-4.7	1.8
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	6.5	-1.9	1.1	-2.3	1.4	-0.9	-1.0	2.5
¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF)	4.3	1.6	0.4	-3.0	1.6	-0.6	-1.1	3.1
¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	8.0	1.5	0.3	-3.9	1.5	0.5	-1.4	4.5
¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	4.6	2.2	74.3	-0.9	1.0	-7.2	-6.8	4.2
¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	9.6	2.8	-0.9	-6.5	1.8	-2.4	-0.4	3.1
¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	1.0	-0.3	-1.2	2.8	2.4	9.4	-0.7	2.6
¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	7.6	-2.9	-0.2	2.3	-0.6	6.6	-5.2	11.9
¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	-2.9	2.0	0.6	-1.0	2.0	-2.9	-0.5	0.2
¬¬¬ General government (GFCF)	12.7	-11.1	3.1	-0.3	0.8	-1.7	-0.7	0.7
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-1.0	-1.6	-10.2	7.7	4.3	9.2	1.4	4.3
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-5.9	-12.3	-4.3	-19.0	..	..	20.8	-47.4
Gross capital formation	3.8	-3.3	-0.2	-1.5	-11.4	19.2	0.0	-5.2
Final domestic use of goods and services	1.5	-0.5	0.7	0.1	-0.3	-0.4	1.0	-0.9
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	1.9	0.1	1.1	0.0	3.5	-5.7	0.9	1.3
Final demand from general government	2.5	-1.9	1.4	-0.3	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Total exports	3.2	2.0	-3.5	-0.4	2.0	-0.7	0.4	3.1
¬ Traditional goods (export)	4.6	5.0	-6.9	0.7	2.5	-5.3	2.0	8.3
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	4.9	-1.3	-1.5	-2.5	2.7	0.4	-2.7	1.8
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	-25.6	131.2	-51.9	-13.4	-14.3	48.5	42.7	-48.7
¬ Services (export)	0.7	1.4	-1.3	0.4	0.9	2.7	1.2	-0.4
Total use of goods and services	2.0	0.1	-0.4	0.0	0.3	-0.5	0.8	0.1
Total imports	4.1	-1.3	1.1	0.3	-0.1	-1.9	3.7	-0.9
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	1.7	0.7	0.3	1.1	0.1	-8.5	6.2	-1.3
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	53.6	7.9	-2.4	13.9	-26.9	56.0	25.0	-50.3
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	272.4	-73.0	74.4	-35.7	-16.8	178.0	-36.8	-19.2
¬ Services (import)	1.4	1.1	1.0	-0.1	0.8	4.8	1.5	2.4
Gross domestic product, market values²	1.2	0.6	-0.9	-0.1	0.4	0.0	-0.2	0.4
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.5
Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	6.8	2.4	-8.0	-1.3	1.0	0.4	0.5	-0.2
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.4
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.4	-0.1	-0.3	0.6
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	-3.5	0.7	1.0	-1.3	0.2	1.0	0.1	-0.8
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	1.5	-0.6	-1.4	0.8	0.9	0.2	-1.5	1.8
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.5
¬ General government (GDP)	0.5	0.6	0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Taxes and subsidies products	1.4	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.2	-0.6	0.7
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are preliminary
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 11721

Table 2Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume^{1 2}
	June 2022 - August 2022	July 2022 - September 2022	August 2022 - October 2022	September 2022 - November 2022	October 2022 - December 2022	November 2022 - January 2023	December 2022 - February 2023	January 2023 - March 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	0.5	0.4	1.5	2.5	5.2	2.8	0.5	-5.1
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	0.4	0.4	1.5	2.5	5.5	3.0	0.6	-5.4
¬¬ Goods	-0.9	-0.6	1.4	3.4	9.3	4.6	-0.3	-12.3
¬¬ Services	-0.2	0.4	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.9
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	13.2	8.5	8.5	8.5	10.7	7.8	6.6	4.3
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-2.8	4.1	4.5	2.7	3.3	6.8	8.9	8.3
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.1	0.5	-0.3	-1.1	-1.0
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	0.3	0.2	0.8	1.1	1.2	0.7	0.6	0.5
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	0.9	0.7	1.3	1.5	1.7	0.8	0.3	-0.2
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.6	1.8	0.7	0.2	-0.4
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	0.0	0.1	0.6	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.0	0.9
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	-0.4	-0.3	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.7	1.0	1.2
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-0.6	0.2	2.1	1.1	1.3	0.7	0.3	-0.1
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	-1.5	-2.7	-1.1	1.7	5.2	5.0	1.9	-1.6
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	..	-42.4	..	..	..	..	..	..
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	-0.5	0.7	3.3	1.3	0.8	-1.6	-0.7	-0.6
¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF)	-2.2	-0.8	2.4	2.4	1.4	-1.3	-1.0	-0.3
¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	-1.3	0.2	5.0	3.9	1.7	-2.1	-1.2	0.7
¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	-8.2	-20.9	8.8	42.0	78.9	36.8	9.0	-9.9
¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	-1.1	1.3	6.7	4.4	0.0	-5.9	-4.7	-2.7
¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	3.7	2.6	1.4	0.9	1.6	6.7	10.1	12.6
¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-4.9	-3.5	0.2	0.0	1.5	3.0	3.5	7.4
¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	-4.0	-2.7	-2.7	-0.5	0.9	0.4	-0.6	-2.2
¬¬¬ General government (GFCF)	4.7	5.2	5.9	-1.7	-0.9	-2.3	0.2	-1.5
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-0.9	0.9	-4.6	-6.5	-5.6	5.5	12.6	17.7
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	22.9	12.3	-5.6	-19.8	-56.1	-45.4	-14.5	126.7
Gross capital formation	1.9	1.5	1.1	-1.6	-5.9	-4.7	-1.2	7.3
Final domestic use of goods and services	0.8	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	0.2	0.4	1.7	1.8	3.1	1.2	0.3	-2.6
Final demand from general government	1.1	1.1	1.7	0.5	0.8	0.2	0.5	0.1
Total exports	1.9	4.6	4.3	2.1	-0.8	-1.0	0.1	1.7
¬ Traditional goods (export)	2.5	5.2	6.3	3.8	-1.1	-2.5	-2.4	0.5
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	-0.7	3.4	2.5	0.2	-1.6	-2.0	-0.2	0.1
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	-64.0	13.0	4.1	14.2	-37.8	-31.9	-13.4	33.5
¬ Services (export)	4.7	5.2	3.9	2.0	0.4	1.5	3.0	4.1
Total use of goods and services	1.1	1.7	2.0	1.2	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.3
Total imports	2.9	3.1	3.4	2.1	1.8	-0.1	0.5	0.3
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.4	2.1	-1.3	-2.9	-4.7
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-29.2	1.6	28.8	38.6	14.6	10.0	18.7	25.5
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-26.2	3.8	23.5	-35.0	-33.4	-28.0	33.6	46.3
¬ Services (import)	5.9	3.4	3.1	2.6	2.5	3.1	4.9	7.2
Gross domestic product, market values³	0.5	1.2	1.5	0.9	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.2
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.2
Petroleum activities and ocean transport⁴	2.4	7.7	6.9	2.3	-5.0	-5.2	-2.3	0.9
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	0.4	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.2
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.2
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	0.3	1.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.5	0.1	0.4	0.5
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.8	-0.5	0.3	0.6	0.6
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.7	0.8	1.2	1.1	1.0	0.6	0.2	0.1
¬ General government (GDP)	0.3	0.5	1.1	1.0	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.2
Taxes and subsidies products	-0.9	-0.9	0.4	0.7	0.9	0.3	0.0	-0.2
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are prelimanry
²Rolling three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period, for example growth in May to July compared with February to April. Furthermore, March, June, September and December represent the quarters in a year. For example, March will represent the first quarter.
³Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
⁴Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 11721

Table 3Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK million¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2022	2nd quarter 2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1 616 859	1 806 351	412 248	453 822	441 085	499 197	456 432
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1 527 916	1 703 792	387 037	428 135	417 568	471 052	428 121
¬¬ Goods	808 283	827 842	184 540	205 546	197 860	239 895	193 025
¬¬ Services	706 120	809 945	194 301	203 375	203 883	208 386	215 880
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	30 158	118 614	15 050	32 819	40 094	30 651	28 792
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-16 644	-52 609	-6 854	-13 606	-24 269	-7 880	-9 575
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	88 943	102 559	25 211	25 687	23 517	28 145	28 311
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	972 185	1 037 179	251 002	265 525	256 905	263 747	267 568
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	483 031	521 361	124 707	132 480	128 314	135 861	134 640
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	425 242	456 718	109 798	115 768	112 491	118 660	118 173
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	57 789	64 643	14 908	16 711	15 823	17 200	16 467
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	489 153	515 819	126 296	133 045	128 591	127 886	132 927

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	977 240	1 095 480	244 640	271 434	273 401	306 005	266 120
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	176 939	176 041	40 610	44 048	43 931	47 452	46 190
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-412	756	1 486	-51	-52	-628	886
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	800 712	918 683	202 544	227 437	229 521	259 181	219 043
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	364 005	448 800	100 788	112 575	114 199	121 238	114 313
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	6 132	8 929	1 714	2 497	1 521	3 197	3 024
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	230 624	307 174	71 080	77 117	79 556	79 421	77 363
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	48 080	58 154	11 661	14 214	14 065	18 214	16 110
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	79 170	74 544	16 334	18 747	19 056	20 407	17 816
¬¬ welling service (households) (GFCF)	218 634	232 066	57 603	58 003	57 243	59 217	56 421
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	218 073	237 817	44 153	56 858	58 080	78 726	48 309
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	165	312	69	80	71	92	98
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	100 651	52 215	41 792	-8 875	12 240	7 058	56 603
Gross capital formation	1 078 056	1 148 007	286 501	262 638	285 711	313 156	322 821

Final domestic use of goods and services	3 667 099	3 991 537	949 751	981 985	983 702	1 076 099	1 046 820
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3 389 756	3 762 213	865 794	946 784	927 511	1 022 125	943 042
Final demand from general government	1 190 257	1 274 996	295 155	322 383	314 985	342 473	315 877

Total exports	1 757 820	3 100 601	700 673	701 889	958 824	739 215	625 556
¬ Traditional goods (export)	486 185	625 969	143 825	149 708	163 819	168 618	165 666
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	890 508	1 972 917	451 552	427 480	652 766	441 119	332 358
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	19 337	3 601	1 617	698	764	522	737
¬ Services (export)	361 790	498 114	103 679	124 003	141 475	128 957	126 796

Total use of goods and services	5 424 919	7 092 138	1 650 424	1 683 874	1 942 526	1 815 315	1 672 376

Total imports	1 213 298	1 521 475	328 589	374 136	404 552	414 198	388 344
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	820 196	991 696	220 153	241 087	256 184	274 272	247 899
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	19 712	20 330	4 369	4 735	5 622	5 604	6 644
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	36 527	22 294	8 116	5 075	5 365	3 738	5 152
¬ Services (import)	336 864	487 155	95 951	123 239	137 381	130 584	128 649

Gross domestic product, market values²	4 211 620	5 570 664	1 321 835	1 309 738	1 537 974	1 401 116	1 284 032
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	3 288 436	3 570 858	867 603	880 882	871 378	950 996	942 836

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	923 184	1 999 805	454 232	428 856	666 596	450 121	341 197
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	2 859 039	3 147 868	770 757	773 640	768 172	835 299	839 320
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 122 382	2 362 498	581 141	570 179	573 615	637 563	639 344
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	243 321	275 388	65 535	68 758	64 805	76 289	78 057
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	412 282	527 556	127 941	113 939	139 923	145 753	135 724
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 466 779	1 559 554	387 665	387 482	368 886	415 521	425 563
¬ General government (GDP)	736 657	785 371	189 616	203 461	194 558	197 736	199 976
Taxes and subsidies products	429 397	422 990	96 846	107 242	103 205	115 697	103 515
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

Table 4Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At constant 2019-prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At constant 2019-prices. NOK million¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2022	2nd quarter 2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1 570 547	1 678 656	389 337	425 823	411 938	451 557	401 635
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1 484 909	1 582 492	364 910	401 851	389 795	425 936	375 682
¬¬ Goods	773 703	745 782	171 385	188 625	177 273	208 499	165 409
¬¬ Services	696 978	772 249	184 794	194 108	196 359	196 988	194 148
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	30 449	111 118	15 154	31 232	37 366	27 367	24 474
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-16 220	-46 657	-6 423	-12 114	-21 203	-6 917	-8 349
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	85 638	96 164	24 428	23 972	22 143	25 621	25 954
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	950 044	950 897	235 986	237 135	236 890	240 887	241 527
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	473 666	477 149	117 800	119 211	118 416	121 722	121 542
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	418 699	420 633	103 646	105 175	104 391	107 421	106 942
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	54 967	56 515	14 154	14 037	14 024	14 300	14 601
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	476 378	473 749	118 186	117 924	118 474	119 165	119 984

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	941 857	982 511	227 119	244 457	243 367	267 568	231 046
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	176 326	164 840	39 475	41 067	41 559	42 740	41 524
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-460	738	1 434	-15	-9	-672	812
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	765 991	816 932	186 210	203 405	201 817	225 501	188 709
¬¬Næringer (bruttoinvestering)	353 301	404 585	93 778	102 106	101 704	106 998	99 254
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	6 010	8 061	1 622	2 283	1 379	2 777	2 612
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	224 072	278 060	66 213	70 119	71 092	70 635	67 567
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	46 680	52 177	10 855	12 881	12 516	15 924	13 914
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	76 539	66 288	15 088	16 822	16 717	17 661	15 161
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	205 137	202 367	52 022	50 765	49 121	50 459	47 963
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	207 554	209 980	40 411	50 534	50 991	68 044	41 492
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	161	292	67	76	66	83	85
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	121 157	127 747	61 859	17 924	25 535	22 429	67 333
Gross capital formation	1 063 175	1 110 550	289 046	262 456	268 967	290 081	298 463

Final domestic use of goods and services	3 583 766	3 740 103	914 369	925 414	917 796	982 524	941 625
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3 286 582	3 446 486	811 533	866 363	850 645	917 945	831 871
Final demand from general government	1 157 598	1 160 877	276 397	287 669	287 881	308 931	283 018

Total exports	1 179 719	1 249 187	294 416	303 088	328 753	322 931	317 383
¬ Traditional goods (export)	429 579	428 417	103 376	100 419	109 742	114 880	110 238
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	379 606	380 616	96 730	90 176	94 149	99 561	98 418
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	20 368	3 386	1 642	615	696	433	578
¬ Services (export)	350 165	436 768	92 667	111 877	124 166	108 057	108 149

Total use of goods and services	4 763 485	4 989 289	1 208 784	1 228 502	1 246 548	1 305 455	1 259 008

Total imports	1 166 965	1 274 898	290 386	321 267	329 956	333 289	313 091
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	779 268	798 509	189 963	196 668	197 334	214 543	193 137
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	15 218	10 329	2 267	2 586	2 803	2 673	3 234
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	36 807	21 386	8 122	4 859	5 046	3 360	4 915
¬ Services (import)	335 672	444 674	90 034	117 154	124 773	112 714	111 804

Gross domestic product, market values²	3 596 520	3 714 392	918 399	907 235	916 592	972 166	945 917
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	3 194 851	3 317 147	818 785	812 850	816 502	869 009	842 578

Petroleum activities and ocean transport	401 670	397 245	99 613	94 385	100 090	103 156	103 339
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	2 775 850	2 894 246	718 749	705 675	713 586	756 236	741 382
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 047 306	2 149 781	535 920	519 632	526 374	567 856	554 559
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	243 407	245 151	62 497	60 609	58 953	63 092	63 323
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	342 760	351 872	90 850	77 352	89 762	93 908	90 730
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 461 138	1 552 758	382 572	381 671	377 660	410 855	400 506
¬ General government (GDP)	728 544	744 465	182 829	186 043	187 212	188 380	186 823
Taxes and subsidies products	419 002	422 901	100 037	107 175	102 916	112 773	101 196
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are preliminary
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

Table 5Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2022	2nd quarter 2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	4.4	6.9	9.6	11.8	3.0	3.9	3.2
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	4.7	6.6	8.5	11.4	2.9	4.1	3.0
¬¬ Goods	5.8	-3.6	-3.0	-3.4	-8.2	-0.1	-3.5
¬¬ Services	3.8	10.8	15.2	17.0	8.2	4.1	5.1
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-8.0	264.9	935.2	1 573.3	233.2	72.1	61.5
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-5.3	187.6	209.5	418.3	202.1	44.4	30.0
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	0.6	12.3	29.0	20.0	4.2	0.6	6.2
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	5.0	0.1	1.9	0.3	-1.7	0.0	2.3
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	5.3	0.7	2.0	1.2	-0.7	0.5	3.2
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	5.6	0.5	1.8	1.0	-1.0	0.2	3.2
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	2.9	2.8	3.5	3.1	2.0	2.8	3.2
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	4.7	-0.6	1.8	-0.7	-2.6	-0.6	1.5

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-0.8	4.3	5.0	4.5	5.4	2.6	1.7
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	-2.1	-6.5	-4.9	-7.0	-7.7	-6.4	5.2
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	..	..	-7.2	..	..	..	-43.3
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	1.7	6.7	7.4	7.1	8.2	4.3	1.3
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	5.0	14.5	15.4	15.5	17.9	9.9	5.8
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	-5.0	34.1	32.9	57.8	4.4	37.3	61.1
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	8.9	24.1	27.1	28.4	26.7	15.3	2.0
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	6.1	11.8	4.9	15.2	26.3	4.5	28.2
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-5.0	-13.4	-14.2	-20.6	-11.6	-6.3	0.5
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	3.0	-1.4	3.3	-3.4	-1.7	-3.4	-7.8
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-4.5	1.2	-3.2	3.2	1.2	2.4	2.7
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-3.0	81.1	1 268.8	174.3	23.3	10.8	26.5
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-10.5	5.4	26.2	-22.5	14.8	-16.2	8.8
Gross capital formation	-2.0	4.5	8.9	2.1	6.3	0.9	3.3

Final domestic use of goods and services	2.6	4.4	7.3	5.8	2.7	2.0	3.0
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	4.0	4.9	6.7	7.3	2.8	2.9	2.5
Final demand from general government	3.2	0.3	1.1	0.8	-1.2	0.5	2.4

Total exports	5.8	5.9	4.6	7.8	8.9	2.5	7.8
¬ Traditional goods (export)	4.6	-0.3	-3.0	-4.3	3.9	2.1	6.6
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	2.9	0.3	1.3	1.5	-1.9	0.3	1.7
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	112.1	-83.4	-7.9	-82.2	-92.0	-93.2	-64.8
¬ Services (export)	7.5	24.7	19.2	33.2	35.8	11.5	16.7

Total use of goods and services	3.4	4.7	6.6	6.3	4.3	2.1	4.2

Total imports	1.7	9.2	10.3	12.6	9.9	4.8	7.8
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	5.7	2.5	4.8	-1.2	0.6	5.9	1.7
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-11.5	-32.1	-48.5	-49.1	0.4	-9.1	42.7
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-16.6	-41.9	19.0	-32.8	-55.2	-70.8	-39.5
¬ Services (import)	-3.8	32.5	27.1	58.8	38.6	11.5	24.2

Gross domestic product, market values²	3.9	3.3	5.5	4.2	2.4	1.2	3.0
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	4.2	3.8	6.5	4.7	2.8	1.6	2.9

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	1.9	-1.1	-2.1	0.1	-0.8	-1.6	3.7
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	4.2	4.3	6.9	4.9	3.5	2.0	3.1
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	3.9	5.0	8.2	5.6	4.3	2.3	3.5
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	3.8	0.7	3.2	-1.0	0.8	0.0	1.3
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	3.1	2.7	5.9	2.5	2.6	-0.2	-0.1
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	4.1	6.3	9.6	7.5	5.2	3.2	4.7
¬ General government (GDP)	5.1	2.2	3.4	3.0	1.3	1.1	2.2
Taxes and subsidies products	3.7	0.9	3.3	3.4	-1.8	-0.9	1.2
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

Table 6Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous year

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous year¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2022	2nd quarter 2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	2.9	4.5	2.0	4.0	5.4	6.3	7.3
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	2.9	4.6	2.3	4.2	5.3	6.4	7.4
¬¬ Goods	4.5	6.3	3.3	6.1	7.6	7.5	8.4
¬¬ Services	1.3	3.5	1.9	3.0	4.1	4.8	5.8
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-1.0	7.8	2.7	8.0	7.3	13.3	18.5
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	2.6	9.9	6.0	10.6	11.4	9.8	7.5
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	3.9	2.7	-1.6	0.6	7.2	4.6	5.7
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	2.3	6.6	5.3	6.4	8.6	6.2	4.2
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	2.0	7.1	5.5	6.5	9.3	7.4	4.6
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	1.6	6.9	5.6	5.8	9.1	7.2	4.3
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	5.1	8.8	4.6	11.3	10.5	8.6	7.1
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	2.7	6.0	5.1	6.3	8.0	4.8	3.7

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	3.8	7.5	6.4	7.9	7.7	7.8	6.9
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	0.3	6.4	3.9	6.5	6.2	8.9	8.1
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-10.4	14.2	8.0	256.2	499.8	3.8	5.3
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	4.5	7.6	6.9	8.1	7.8	7.5	6.7
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	3.0	7.7	6.1	7.8	8.6	8.1	7.2
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	2.0	8.6	5.0	7.7	8.5	11.4	9.6
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	2.9	7.3	5.9	7.5	8.5	7.5	6.7
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	3.0	8.2	6.1	8.1	8.8	9.2	7.8
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	3.4	8.7	7.0	9.0	9.0	9.4	8.6
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	6.6	7.6	8.1	8.7	7.2	6.6	6.2
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	5.1	7.8	7.3	8.4	7.7	7.7	6.6
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	2.7	4.3	-3.4	1.0	5.6	8.5	11.5
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-16.9	-50.8	-28.6	..	-39.5	-47.6	24.4
Gross capital formation	1.4	1.9	-0.8	-1.6	4.0	6.0	9.1

Final domestic use of goods and services	2.3	4.3	2.0	3.0	5.8	6.2	7.0
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3.1	5.8	4.1	5.6	7.0	6.6	6.3
Final demand from general government	2.8	6.8	5.5	6.7	8.5	6.5	4.5

Total exports	49.0	66.6	101.0	80.8	94.3	18.1	-17.2
¬ Traditional goods (export)	13.2	29.1	34.0	34.8	30.5	19.0	8.0
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	134.6	121.0	211.8	167.3	189.6	22.1	-27.7
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	-5.1	12.0	5.4	25.4	16.3	22.5	29.5
¬ Services (export)	3.3	10.4	11.3	11.4	10.6	9.3	4.8

Total use of goods and services	13.9	24.8	28.8	25.6	37.2	10.8	-2.7

Total imports	4.0	14.8	12.6	14.1	17.6	14.8	9.6
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	5.3	18.0	14.8	19.5	21.9	15.7	10.8
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	29.5	52.0	65.1	45.2	48.7	40.3	6.6
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-0.8	5.0	2.0	6.8	5.9	11.5	4.9
¬ Services (import)	0.4	9.2	8.1	5.8	11.3	11.9	8.0

Gross domestic product, market values²	17.1	28.1	33.7	29.6	43.8	9.8	-5.7
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	2.9	4.6	3.7	4.3	5.3	5.0	5.6

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	129.8	119.0	206.1	162.4	179.9	24.1	-27.6
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	3.0	5.6	4.8	5.2	6.4	6.0	5.6
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	3.7	6.0	5.2	5.7	6.5	6.6	6.3
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	0.0	12.4	8.8	11.9	8.0	20.6	17.6
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	20.3	24.6	25.8	31.0	31.0	14.6	6.2
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.4	0.1	-0.7	-0.8	-0.6	2.1	4.9
¬ General government (GDP)	1.1	4.3	3.4	3.9	5.8	4.2	3.2
Taxes and subsidies products	2.5	-2.4	-3.9	-2.0	-2.0	-1.8	5.7
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

Table 7Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK million¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2022	2nd quarter 2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1 616 859	1 806 351	422 537	443 195	454 532	486 711	466 130
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1 527 916	1 703 792	398 313	418 074	428 580	460 352	439 318
¬¬ Goods	808 283	827 842	196 549	201 665	206 346	229 152	201 143
¬¬ Services	706 120	809 945	192 578	200 768	204 371	209 389	214 255
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	30 158	118 614	20 180	28 529	31 537	36 151	39 680
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-16 644	-52 609	-10 994	-12 888	-13 674	-14 340	-15 761
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	88 943	102 559	24 224	25 121	25 952	26 359	26 812
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	972 185	1 037 179	253 875	257 207	260 605	265 501	270 515
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	483 031	521 361	126 240	128 846	131 430	134 732	136 321
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	425 242	456 718	110 822	112 714	115 042	118 051	119 287
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	57 789	64 643	15 419	16 132	16 387	16 680	17 034
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	489 153	515 819	127 634	128 360	129 176	130 770	134 194

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	977 240	1 095 480	263 374	271 449	275 438	285 120	285 095
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	176 939	176 041	41 375	44 333	43 340	47 178	46 744
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-412	756	1 506	-74	-57	-618	906
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	800 712	918 683	220 492	227 190	232 155	238 561	237 445
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	364 005	448 800	105 705	111 893	113 772	117 434	119 321
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	6 132	8 929	1 668	2 209	1 761	3 293	2 983
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	230 624	307 174	72 306	76 719	78 680	79 429	78 759
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	48 080	58 154	12 955	14 429	14 972	15 793	17 416
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	79 170	74 544	18 777	18 536	18 359	18 918	20 162
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	218 634	232 066	58 859	57 751	57 168	58 246	57 735
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	218 073	237 817	55 928	57 546	61 214	62 881	60 389
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	165	312	68	78	83	83	96
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	100 651	52 215	7 504	19 256	32 679	-32 886	8 293
Gross capital formation	1 078 056	1 148 007	270 945	290 782	308 201	252 317	293 484

Final domestic use of goods and services	3 667 099	3 991 537	947 358	991 184	1 023 338	1 004 530	1 030 129
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3 389 756	3 762 213	896 905	927 591	947 291	990 773	974 090
Final demand from general government	1 190 257	1 274 996	309 803	314 753	321 819	328 382	330 904

Total exports	1 757 820	3 100 601	763 503	745 893	851 739	730 401	700 169
¬ Traditional goods (export)	486 185	625 969	144 743	152 381	162 806	163 690	165 943
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	890 508	1 972 917	503 867	471 073	559 238	432 813	394 770
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	19 337	3 601	1 617	698	764	522	737
¬ Services (export)	361 790	498 114	113 277	121 741	128 931	133 376	138 719

Total use of goods and services	5 424 919	7 092 138	1 710 861	1 737 076	1 875 076	1 734 931	1 730 297

Total imports	1 213 298	1 521 475	346 709	369 022	394 190	405 640	413 119
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	820 196	991 696	228 781	240 826	256 653	261 455	256 414
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	19 712	20 330	5 093	4 450	5 092	6 036	7 540
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	36 527	22 294	8 116	5 075	5 365	3 738	5 152
¬ Services (import)	336 864	487 155	104 718	118 670	127 080	134 411	144 013

Gross domestic product, market values	4 211 620	5 570 664	1 364 152	1 368 055	1 480 886	1 329 291	1 317 178
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values	3 288 436	3 570 858	864 905	883 138	898 191	912 189	932 347

Petroleum activities and ocean transport²	923 184	1 999 805	499 247	484 917	582 695	417 102	384 831
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	2 859 039	3 147 868	762 400	777 639	792 780	804 108	823 551
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 122 382	2 362 498	569 547	582 526	595 421	604 017	620 269
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	243 321	275 388	64 863	68 813	68 628	73 811	76 311
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	412 282	527 556	129 175	128 487	137 203	128 848	136 658
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 466 779	1 559 554	375 508	385 226	389 589	401 358	407 300
¬ General government (GDP)	736 657	785 371	192 853	195 112	197 359	200 091	203 282
Taxes and subsidies products	429 397	422 990	102 506	105 499	105 412	108 081	108 796
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are prelimanry
²Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

Table 8Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At constant 2018-prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At constant 2018-prices. NOK million¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2022	2nd quarter 2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1 570 547	1 678 656	406 319	416 148	417 972	439 819	417 228
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1 484 909	1 582 492	383 346	392 268	393 722	415 457	393 108
¬¬ Goods	773 703	745 782	185 099	184 016	182 920	199 968	175 421
¬¬ Services	696 978	772 249	187 953	192 723	193 428	195 372	197 206
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	30 449	111 118	20 413	27 093	29 409	32 546	33 938
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-16 220	-46 657	-10 118	-11 564	-12 035	-12 429	-13 458
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	85 638	96 164	22 973	23 880	24 250	24 362	24 120
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	950 044	950 897	236 028	236 993	237 461	240 348	241 523
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	473 666	477 149	117 444	118 652	119 458	121 534	121 235
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	418 699	420 633	103 422	104 571	105 358	107 215	106 780
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	54 967	56 515	14 022	14 081	14 100	14 319	14 455
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	476 378	473 749	118 584	118 342	118 003	118 814	120 288

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	941 857	982 511	244 050	244 864	245 266	248 373	248 013
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	176 326	164 840	40 081	41 662	40 550	42 658	41 996
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-460	738	1 456	-29	-17	-670	833
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	765 991	816 932	202 513	203 231	204 733	206 385	205 184
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	353 301	404 585	98 488	101 349	101 561	103 254	103 961
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	6 010	8 061	1 584	2 021	1 599	2 860	2 577
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	224 072	278 060	67 151	69 713	70 589	70 566	68 653
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	46 680	52 177	12 246	13 027	13 365	13 573	15 280
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	76 539	66 288	17 507	16 587	16 009	16 254	17 450
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	205 137	202 367	52 679	50 665	49 291	49 722	48 630
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	207 554	209 980	51 346	51 217	53 881	53 409	52 594
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	161	292	68	76	76	72	85
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	121 157	127 747	30 853	31 298	35 139	15 435	34 999
Gross capital formation	1 063 175	1 110 550	274 971	276 238	280 482	263 880	283 097

Final domestic use of goods and services	3 583 766	3 740 103	917 317	929 379	935 915	944 047	941 848
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3 286 582	3 446 486	844 859	856 372	860 166	886 552	863 935
Final demand from general government	1 157 598	1 160 877	287 374	288 211	291 342	293 757	294 117

Total exports	1 179 719	1 249 187	300 291	306 922	321 188	318 605	324 133
¬ Traditional goods (export)	429 579	428 417	103 292	104 459	109 886	108 713	109 302
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	379 606	380 616	93 862	94 096	97 270	95 722	95 804
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	20 368	3 386	1 642	615	696	433	578
¬ Services (export)	350 165	436 768	101 495	107 752	113 336	113 737	118 449

Total use of goods and services	4 763 485	4 989 289	1 217 608	1 236 301	1 257 102	1 262 653	1 265 982

Total imports	1 166 965	1 274 898	303 536	313 531	323 207	328 960	330 041
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	779 268	798 509	193 400	195 238	200 912	205 134	195 398
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	15 218	10 329	2 602	2 507	2 547	2 920	3 665
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	36 807	21 386	8 122	4 859	5 046	3 360	4 915
¬ Services (import)	335 672	444 674	99 413	110 927	114 702	117 546	126 063

Gross domestic product, market values²	3 596 520	3 714 392	914 072	922 770	933 896	933 693	935 941
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	3 194 851	3 317 147	817 509	825 554	829 176	834 256	835 583

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	401 670	397 245	96 563	97 216	104 720	99 437	100 358
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	2 775 850	2 894 246	712 445	719 704	724 257	728 365	729 868
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 047 306	2 149 781	528 381	533 903	537 496	540 608	541 715
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	243 407	245 151	61 669	61 250	61 833	61 536	61 823
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	342 760	351 872	88 202	87 499	87 321	86 913	87 425
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 461 138	1 552 758	378 510	385 155	388 341	392 159	392 467
¬ General government (GDP)	728 544	744 465	184 065	185 800	186 761	187 757	188 153
Taxes and subsidies products	419 002	422 901	105 063	105 850	104 919	105 891	105 714
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are preliminary
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

Table 9Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.¹
	2021	2022	1st quarter 2022	2nd quarter 2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	4.4	6.9	-3.0	2.4	0.4	5.2	-5.1
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	4.7	6.6	-2.9	2.3	0.4	5.5	-5.4
¬¬ Goods	5.8	-3.6	-6.3	-0.6	-0.6	9.3	-12.3
¬¬ Services	3.8	10.8	0.6	2.5	0.4	1.0	0.9
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-8.0	264.9	8.4	32.7	8.5	10.7	4.3
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-5.3	187.6	18.0	14.3	4.1	3.3	8.3
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	0.6	12.3	-4.3	4.0	1.5	0.5	-1.0
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	5.0	0.1	-1.9	0.4	0.2	1.2	0.5
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	5.3	0.7	-3.0	1.0	0.7	1.7	-0.2
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	5.6	0.5	-3.4	1.1	0.8	1.8	-0.4
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	2.9	2.8	0.6	0.4	0.1	1.6	0.9
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	4.7	-0.6	-0.8	-0.2	-0.3	0.7	1.2

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-0.8	4.3	1.1	0.3	0.2	1.3	-0.1
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	-2.1	-6.5	-11.7	3.9	-2.7	5.2	-1.6
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	1.7	6.7	2.8	0.4	0.7	0.8	-0.6
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	5.0	14.5	5.5	2.9	0.2	1.7	0.7
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	-5.0	34.1	-24.8	27.6	-20.9	78.9	-9.9
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	8.9	24.1	10.1	3.8	1.3	0.0	-2.7
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	6.1	11.8	-4.7	6.4	2.6	1.6	12.6
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-5.0	-13.4	0.4	-5.3	-3.5	1.5	7.4
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	3.0	-1.4	2.2	-3.8	-2.7	0.9	-2.2
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-4.5	1.2	-1.4	-0.3	5.2	-0.9	-1.5
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-3.0	81.1	7.1	11.9	0.9	-5.6	17.7
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-10.5	5.4	74.0	1.4	12.3	-56.1	126.7
Gross capital formation	-2.0	4.5	6.1	0.5	1.5	-5.9	7.3

Final domestic use of goods and services	2.6	4.4	-0.1	1.3	0.7	0.9	-0.2
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	4.0	4.9	-1.3	1.4	0.4	3.1	-2.6
Final demand from general government	3.2	0.3	-1.8	0.3	1.1	0.8	0.1

Total exports	5.8	5.9	-2.5	2.2	4.6	-0.8	1.7
¬ Traditional goods (export)	4.6	-0.3	-1.6	1.1	5.2	-1.1	0.5
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	2.9	0.3	-2.4	0.2	3.4	-1.6	0.1
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	112.1	-83.4	-74.4	-62.5	13.0	-37.8	33.5
¬ Services (export)	7.5	24.7	0.9	6.2	5.2	0.4	4.1

Total use of goods and services	3.4	4.7	-0.7	1.5	1.7	0.4	0.3

Total imports	1.7	9.2	-1.8	3.3	3.1	1.8	0.3
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	5.7	2.5	1.2	1.0	2.9	2.1	-4.7
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-11.5	-32.1	-16.8	-3.6	1.6	14.6	25.5
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-16.6	-41.9	-29.3	-40.2	3.8	-33.4	46.3
¬ Services (import)	-3.8	32.5	-3.8	11.6	3.4	2.5	7.2

Gross domestic product, market values²	3.9	3.3	-0.4	1.0	1.2	0.0	0.2
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	4.2	3.8	0.1	1.0	0.4	0.6	0.2

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	1.9	-1.1	-4.3	0.7	7.7	-5.0	0.9
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	4.2	4.3	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.6	0.2
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	3.9	5.0	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.2
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	3.8	0.7	0.5	-0.7	1.0	-0.5	0.5
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	3.1	2.7	2.1	-0.8	-0.2	-0.5	0.6
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	4.1	6.3	0.6	1.8	0.8	1.0	0.1
¬ General government (GDP)	5.1	2.2	-0.9	0.9	0.5	0.5	0.2
Taxes and subsidies products	3.7	0.9	-1.6	0.7	-0.9	0.9	-0.2
¹Figures from 2021 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

More figures from this statistics

See complete overview in Statbank (25)

About the statistics

The national accounts provide an overview of the state and development in the Norwegian economy. Key figures are gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, gross investment, exports and imports, employment and wages, profitability in industries and productivity. 1st to 3rd quarter is published with monthly national accounts in May, August and November. 4th quarter will be published February the following year, figures for t-2 in August.

Definitions

Definitions of the main concepts and variables

See Concepts and definitions in national accounts for explanations.

Valuation

Registration of values: A transaction may be registered at different values, depending on under which circumstances it is registered. Different concepts regarding valuation are also relevant for the general aspect of registration (cf. cash values or accruals values, and other principles for the recording of statistical data). The transactions of variables in the national accounts follow the accrual principle. Thus, taxes and subsidies on production should be registered as accrued values and not as cash values as recorded in the government accounts.

In the description of the transaction of goods and services several price concepts are used. Output is valued at basic prices. Basic price is the price the seller receives, after corresponding taxes on the product are deducted (and subsidies added). The use categories, both intermediate consumption and final use, are valued at purchaser prices, that is the price the purchaser must pay. Exports are valued at fob (free on board), while imports are valued at cif (cost-insurance-freight).

The value added of an industry is "valued" at basic prices (calculated as output at basic prices less intermediate consumption at purchaser prices). The total value added of all the industries is also "valued" at basic prices.

GDP is "valued" at market prices, which means that taxes on products, including VAT, less subsidies on products are added to the total value added of the industries at basic prices.

Standard classifications

The accounting system of the Norwegian national accounts is based on the international standards for national accounts, i.e. 2008 SNA and ESA 2010. The accounting system outlines the framework and contents for production of national accounts statistics. The level of detail in the classifications used for compilation of quarterly and preliminary annual national accounts are more aggregated than in that used for calculation of the annual national accounts.

In addition to accounting structure, the international standards give recommendations of groupings or classifications to be used in the national accounts:

Activity classification

The classification of Industries in the National Accounts follows the Norwegian Standard Industrial Classification (SN2007), which is based on NACE Rev.2. Several levels of aggregation have been introduced for publication and reporting purposes.

Classification of non-financial assets and gross fixed capital formation

Non-financial assets are classified by type of aggregates defined in 2008 SNA, such as fixed assets, inventories, valuables, and non-produced assets, including both tangible assets such as land, subsoil-assets, water resources etc., and intangible assets such as transferable contracts etc. Gross fixed capital formation is grouped by main type within building and construction, machinery and equipment and transportation equipment.

Product classification

The product classification used in the national accounts is based on the EU's standard product classification CPA - Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Community. The CPA groups products by activities, i.e. it defines characteristic products within each activity and connects them to the activity classification NACE Rev.2. The annual accounts supply and use tables contain about 700 products, in addition to which some products are also incorporated purely for technical reasons. The system to elaborate preliminary annual and quarterly accounts contains about 90 products. The separation on products might to large extent be considered as a tool to balance the national account system and to undertake calculations in constants prices.

Classification of individual consumption by purpose

The classification of Consumption expenditure groups in the National Accounts is based on the international classification COICOP - Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose, published by the UN.

Classification of the functions of government

The classification of the functions of government by purpose applies to all types of general government expenses, such as government final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, subsidies, property rents (i.e. expenses), capital transfers and other transfers for use in government financial accounts and in the national accounts. This classification is based on the international classification COFOG - Classification of the Functions of Government, published by the UN.

Classification of the purpose of non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)

This is a minor purpose classification which applies to expenses of NPISHs. It is based on the international classification COPNI - Classification of the Purposes of the Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households, published by the UN.

Administrative information

Name and topic

Name: National accounts
Topic: National accounts and business cycles

Next update

13 June 2023

Responsible division

Division for National Accounts

Regional level

National level

Frequency and timeliness

The monthly national accounts (MNA) are published about 40 days after the end of the given month.

The quarterly national accounts (QNA) are published about 40 days after the end of the given quarter. Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months (from monthly national accounts).

The first estimates of the preliminary year is published about 40 days after the end of the year.

International reporting

Published figures are reported to Eurostat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Microdata

Not relevant

Background

Background and purpose

The national accounts (NA) statistics are designed to provide a consistent and comprehensive survey of the overall national economy. The national accounts give both a summarised description of the economy as a whole and a detailed description of transactions between different parts of the Norwegian economy, and between Norway and the rest of the world. The national accounts also provide information on capital stocks and employment.

The first Norwegian national accounts based on modern principles were published by Statistics Norway in 1952. Annual series national accounts were calculated back to 1865 during the 1950th.

Final annual national accounts figures are based on all available final economic statistics and therefore take time to produce. The purpose of the quarterly national accounts is to provide updated information about short-term developments in the Norwegian economy based on an overall, consistent accounting system. Statistics Norway has produced and released quarterly national accounts (QNA) on a regular basis from 1953 but were not published at fixed intervals from the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s. A new model for a QNA system was developed at the beginning of the 1980s and has been used since 1985, with some modifications.

National accounts are used as a tool to compare the economic situation in different countries, and therefore it is important that the national accounts in various countries are based on a common template. Staff involved in elaborating national accounts in Statistics Norway participated actively in developing international recommendations and concepts regarding national accounts. The first international standard for national accounts, 1953 System of National Accounts (1953 SNA), was published by UN in 1953.

From time to time adaptations or changes are made to the common international recommendations for national accounts. This requires corresponding changes in the construction of the Norwegian national accounts. At different time intervals, new source statistics are produced and indicate that parts of the national accounts figures need to be revised. Since one objective of the national accounts is to provide a picture of the development over time which is as correct as possible, it is not possible to introduce such changes from one year to another. With different time intervals, it will therefore be necessary to carry out major revisions of the national accounts figures, so-called main revisions, in order to introduce adaptations due to new international recommendations or introduce new levels based on new statistical sources. As part of these main revisions the time series are also revised so that the revised national accounts can give a consistent picture of the economic development over time.

In recent decades, Statistics Norway has carried out main revisions published in 1995, 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2014. The main purpose of main revision published in November 2014, was to incorporate updated international recommendations in 2008 SNA andESA 2010. Changes due to this main revision are described, among else, in the article Main revision 2014. Planned changes in the national accounts statistics. The publication History of national accounts in Norway. From free research to statistics regulated by law also provides more information about the history of national accounts in Norway, including main revisions. In the future main revisions of the national accounts normally will be carried out every five years.

Since the QNA are completely harmonised with the annual national accounts, it is also necessary to revise the QNA figures once the annual national accounts figures have been revised.

Users and applications

The quarterly figures are mostly used for observation and analysis of the current economic cycle. The QNA figures also serve as a basis for making forecasts of the future economic development, the government’s work with the national budget and other economic planning. In addition, the QNA contribute with material for research and development. Annual and quarterly national accounts are a useful tool for analyses of the economic development and structures in Norway. The national accounts are also used to compare the economy in different countries.

The annual and quarterly national accounts therefore have a wide group of users, from school pupils and students to public and private institutions that actively use the statistics in their analyses and investigation of economic structure and development. Active users include the Research Department in Statistics Norway, the Ministry of Finance, Norges Bank, international organisations such as the IMF, the OECD, the World Bank, the UN and Eurostat, resident and non-resident financial sector analysts, and the media.

Equal treatment of users

No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 08.00 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.

Coherence with other statistics

The monthly figures are the basis for quarterly figures, quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be deviations between the monthly and quarterly figures in the two months before the new quarter is calculated. The deviations will mainly apply to seasonally adjusted figures. In addition, the monthly publication includes a table showing rolling numbers for three and three months. The three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in the rolling table for July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter.

All historical figures are consistent with both preliminary and final annual national accounts figures in fixed and current prices

The Norwegian Balance of Payments (BOP) is an integrated part of the Norwegian system of national accounts, and the BOP figures are fully consistent with other preliminary and final quarterly and annual national accounts figures. Furthermore, quarterly and annual national accounts figures are fully consistent and compatible with the institutional sector accounts. The regional national accounts, and various satellite accounts (environment, tourism, health, non-profit institutions, education) are consistent with the above mentioned national accounts statistics. Previous published figures from the regional accounts and various satellite accounts are, however, not revised as a part of main revision of the national accounts, so figures for previous years may not necessarily be compatible with updated NA time series.

As mentioned in the chapter "Production: Data sources and sampling", the national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The source statistics may not use the same definitions or groupings as used in the national accounts. As a result, figures in the source statistics may be adapted or corrected before being used in the national accounts. Published figures in the source statistics of certain industries may therefore not correspond to published figures in the national accounts.

Legal authority

Not relevant

EEA reference

Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 (ESA 2010).
The European Parliament and of the council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union (text with EEA relevance).

Production

Population

The coverage of the national accounts is defined by international guidelines in the 2008 System of National Accounts (2008 SNA), published by the UN, the OECD, the IMF, the World Bank, and the Commission of the European Communities, and theEuropean System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010).

The total national economy, and the distinction between the national economy and foreign countries, is defined in terms of resident units. A unit is defined as a resident unit of the country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of the country - i.e. when it is involved in economic activities on this territory for an extended period of time (one year or more).

Two basic types of information are recorded in the national accounts: flows and stocks. Flows refer to actions and effects of events that take place within a given period of time, for example the output of an industry in one year. Stocks refer to positions at a certain point of time, for example the value of capital stock or the number of employed persons.

The national accounts consist of two main sets of tables; supply and use tables (SUT), also described as the real accounts, and the institutional sector accounts. The real accounts are based on local kind-of-activity units (KAUs), while the institutional sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are economic entities that are capable of owning goods and assets, of incurring liabilities and of engaging in economic activities and transactions with other units in their own right. An institutional unit contains one or more local kind-of-activity units (local KAUs). The local KAUs are classified by type of activity. An activity is characterised by an input of products, a production process and an output of products. All local KAUs engaged in the same or similar kind-of-activity constitute an industry.

The SUT at current and constant prices gives a structured overview of the supply (output and import) and use (final consumption, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, export and intermediate consumption) of products (goods and services) in the economy. For each industry the value added is calculated as the difference between output and intermediate consumption. The value added in an industry can also be decomposed into compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, other taxes on production (net of subsidies) and operating surplus. The real accounts also give information on fixed assets, as well as wages, hours worked, full-time equivalent persons and employed persons by industry. Monthly national accounts does not include figures for employment etc..

Furthermore, the real accounts provide the basis for the calculation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other central macroeconomic measures. The annual growth in volume and price are calculated for most variables.

The non-financial sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are capable of providing a full set of accounts. The non-financial sector accounts describe all economic transactions in the various sectors. The accounts also provide information on the stocks financial and non-financial capital. Financial sector accounts are also based on institutional units. The institutional units are grouped in institutional sectors on the basis of their principal economic functions, behavior and objectives. The non-financial sector accounts are consistent with the real accounts. The further description of the national accounts covers the part of the national accounts that is based on the annual SUT (the real accounts).

The coverage of the preliminary annual and quarterly real accounts is the same as the final annual SUT

The accounting structure in the system that produces monthly, quarterly and preliminary annual figures (MNA) is, however, more aggregated than in the system that produces the final annual SUT. While the SUT in the annual accounts consists of about 130 industry groups and 700 product groups, the SUT in the MNA consists of about 80 industry groups and 120 product groups. The MNA and QNA system produces tables with seasonal adjusted figures for industries' value added, household consumption for aggregated consumption groups and for central macroeconomic measures. However, only tables for final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis, while the QNA contain more details.

Data sources and sampling

The calculations of the annual real accounts are based on statistics from several different sources, such as the structural business statistics for manufacturing and other industries, accounting statistics for general government and enterprises, statistics for wages and earnings, external trade statistics, household consumer surveys and employment statistics. Some parts of the national accounts are compiled more or less directly from the source statistics, while other parts are based on calculations and estimates.

Monthly information is used for compiling monthly national accounts, such as the production index of industrial production, the index for retail sales, consumer price index, building statistics, producer price indices and much more. For some service industries where we lack explicit production indicators, monthly information about jobs, working days and absence is obtained from the A-ordning. For investments where we only have quarterly information, such as oil investments, quarterly figures are conventionally distributed by month. In the months before we get the so-called oil census, the development is used in the planned investment figures reported together with those performed for a quarter. In connection with the work on the QNA, quarterly information is incorporated and an update of the previous months is made. Quarterly national accounts will appear as the sum of the three months in the quarter.

The source statistics used to calculate national accounts are with a few exceptions produced by Statistics Norway.

Having the reporting responsibility to Eurostat, the Division for National Accounts occasionally documents the calculations for the final annual national accounts, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.

In addition, there are a number of reports giving more detailed documentation of calculation of figures for various specific industry groups or other parts of the national accounts (mostly in Norwegian only).

The documentation report for the Quarterly national accounts gives an overview of central sources and methods used for quarterly accounts compilation. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.

Collection of data, editing and estimations

Compilation of the final annual real accounts

The annual national accounts are mainly based on statistics collected by other divisions in Statistics Norway. To some extent data produced by external suppliers are also used.

The process of compiling the final annual national accounts starts with the calculation of independent supply and use estimates for all goods and services at current prices. To some extent, source data are extracted directly from the databases and converted into national accounts codes and format. Other parts of the economy are based on more complex calculations, by means of different statistical sources and/or assessments.

The source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some areas, the statistics have to be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the national accounts. In areas where the statistics are incomplete, evaluations are essential. In the process of estimating national accounts data, estimated national accounts figures are critically evaluated and controlled in several steps.

Finally, supply and use for each of these goods and services are balanced using supplementary information and quality assessments of the various statistical sources. This results in integrated supply and use tables at current prices.

The figure below gives an outline of the calculation system for final annual national accounts figures. First, detailed figures are calculated and balanced in current prices. Then the system calculates figures in constant prices, based on the detailed current price figures and corresponding price indices. The deflation (current values being divided by price indices) takes place at the most detailed product level: A price index is allocated to each detailed product. The individual products are as price homogeneous as possible. Constant price figures in the annual national accounts are calculated using the price level of the previous year, which means that the base year is changed every
year.

The deflation approach has in fact two dimensions, (i) differentiated by main categories of supply and use (deflating output, imports, exports and implicitly for domestic use), and (ii) differentiated through valuation (deflating current values at basic prices by price indices and implicitly determining the other value components, including adjustments against values at purchaser prices). The method used to calculate constant figures is called double deflation, i.e. a separate deflation of output and intermediate consumption is carried out in order to arrive at value added at constant prices as a balancing item, based on a detailed input-output framework (supply and use tables).

Figure 1. The calculation system for final annual NA figures (Click)

For a more detailed documentation, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.

Compilation of the MNA and QNA

The majority of the short-term statistics produced by Statistics Norway are transferred to the MNA system by use of a direct link to the relevant databases. The information in the data sources about growth is used more or less directly in the MNA system. Some other input data series in the MNA system, however, are based more or less on calculations and estimations, using various types of information from Statistics Norway and other sources. Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months

The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The quarterly figures within a specific year t become final 21 months later after the end of the year t. In addition, periodical main revisions generate revised figures.

In the process of calculating MNA or QNA figures for a specific month or quarter, the short-term statistics source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some cases, the information in the source statistics must be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the quarterly national accounts. In the process to estimate MNA data estimated MNA figures are critically evaluated and controlled in many steps.

Monthly process
The figure below gives an overview of the Norwegian MNA and QNA estimation process. The figure shows that the MNA system is based on two main pillars: a) The SUT for the (final) annual national accounts and b) short-term statistics.

Figure 2. The computing system in the Norwegian MNA/QNA

The main principle in the MNA system is that the national accounts figures for the current quarter are computed based on the development of short-term indicators and the current-price figures from the base year. The base year (t-2) is the latest calculated final version of the annual national accounts. The method is the same for most common variables: The value in the base year is given the same growth rate (percentage change) as in the appropriate indicator, or a grouping of different relevant indicators.

A simple projection method, based on the development in previous periods, is used if an indicator does not cover the whole period from the base year to the current quarter.

The indicator compilations are made in the indicator process (box 2 in the figure).

However, the indicator process alone does not give a complete harmonised account at current and constant prices. To calculate values for variables that are not calculated in the indicator compilations, and to harmonise the accounts, we use an input-output model (box 3 in the figure).

The input-output model includes a commodity-flow balance, a price input-output system and a set of equations for summaries and definitions. It now comprises over 12 000 equations in total. The input-output coefficients are calculated from the SUT in the base year. The variables calculated in the indicator compilations are transferred to the input-output model as exogenous variables. To calculate balanced accounts at current prices we need price indices on all supply and use categories. These are computed in the model by weighting together product price indices with the input-output coefficients as weights. Each product gets three different price indices, one for resident output delivered to the home market (to resident users), a second for import and a third for export.

The price index for an industry’s total output is then calculated as a weighted average of the price indices for the home and export market using the input-output coefficients as weights. The price indices of intermediate consumption, final consumption expenditure and gross fixed capital formation are calculated in a similar way, using the import and home market price indices and the input-output coefficients.

The model also calculates variables which are not covered by short-term statistics or other information and therefore not calculated in the indicator process. These calculations are based on simple assumptions. For instance, intermediate consumption for most industries at constant prices (the total except FISIM) is assumed to be a fixed proportion of total output for the relevant industry. The distribution of intermediate consumption (except FISIM) on different products at constant prices is also assumed to be the same as in the base year. The industries’ use of FISIM as intermediate consumption is supposed to equal the growth in total output of FISIM services. Output in the retail and wholesale trade activities in constant prices is assumed to follow the development of the use of the various goods in constant prices, such as household consumption, intermediate consumption and gross fixed capital formation of the various specific goods (that means supposed fixed margins).

Changes in stock of separate products are (for most products) calculated as the difference between the total supply and use of the product. As in the annual NA, the changes in stock may be adjusted if that seems reasonable after an evaluation of the figures.

The results are stored in the time series database (box 4 in the figure), which, among other things, provides the basis for different sets of tables (box 6). At the moment there are two different sets of tables (with seasonal unadjusted figures), sets for internal checks and analyses of data and more aggregated sets of data for publishing.

Process 1-4 describes how the quarterly seasonally unadjusted figures are estimated. The unadjusted figures are seasonally adjusted (box 5) using a seasonal adjustment program.

The method adopted to compile the MNA is highly mechanical. This applies to the update of variables in the national accounts based on short-term statistics as well as the balancing of commodities, the computation of indirect taxes and factor incomes and the overall balancing of the GDP and main aggregates. Technically, the data systems are programmed in FAME and TROLL (the latter is used for the input-output model only).

Checks and/or the evaluation of data are, however, performed in several steps. The MNA system offers a unique opportunity to compare different types of input data. The evaluation of the different sources is done in close contact with the relevant statistics divisions in Statistics Norway. A more thorough evaluation is being done when processing and publishing quarterly figures, while the monthly process is more automated and less profound. Therefore, only final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis while the quarterly accounts offer more details.

Quarterly figures are calculated as the total of three months at quarterly releases. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be a mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months. This applies mainly to seasonally adjusted numbers. That is, when you get a new observation (new month), it will normally affect the seasonally adjusted figures back in time. We do not update the QNA numbers that have also been sent to international organizations before the next quarters release. At the same time, we show figures for three-month growth. This is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter. This means that users may get a continuous update of the quarterly figures by looking at the monthly publication.

Annual process and alignment

The MNA system is updated with a new base year every year (i.e. the latest final version of the annual accounts). The database for the annual accounts (box 1a), as well as the base data and coefficients in the harmonisation model (box 3) are updated. At the same time, it is possible to implement new indicators, carry out changes in the input series and in the model, etc. Such changes are not carried out in an ordinary monthly or quarterly process.

The recalculation of the monthly accounts is carried out by distributing the annual figures between the months using the original monthly figures as keys. The recalculated monthly accounts will then add up to the annual accounts at constant and current prices.

The harmonisation is based on the principle that the differences between the monthly changes to the original and harmonised series shall be as small as possible. The monthly accounts should add up to the figures in the annual accounts.

When the base year is updated the MNA for that year is aligned automatically.

Reference year

All figures are published at current prices and (for most sizes) constant prices (i.e. the accounts also specify volume and price changes). Constant-price estimates in the national accounts are calculated based on the previous year's prices; i.e. the base year is changed every year. Subsequently, data on volume changes are constructed in terms of growth rates and corresponding implicit data on changes in prices. In parallel, time series of volume figures are constructed by using prices from a reference year. The constant-price estimates are consistent with the data on changes in volume in the series of growth rates. Since the chaining is carried out separately for all items, the table components do not, however, necessarily add up to the totals of the same table.

The publication Quarterly national accounts gives more information about sources, methods and the processes used to calculate quaterly NA figures. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.

Seasonal adjustment

The methods and routines used to produce seasonally adjusted figures are described in the chapter About seasonal adjustment.

Confidentiality

§ 2-6 of the Statistics Act states that data under no circumstances shall be published in such a way that they may be traced back to the supplier. This means that the general rule is not to publish data if there are fewer than three enterprises in an industry. In practice, this means that for some detailed industry categories, figures must be aggregated up to a more aggregated industry group before they can be published.

Comparability over time and space

Consistent monthly time series will exist back to 2016. Consistent quarterly time series will exist back to 1978 and annual time series back to 1970. Annual NA figures for the years 1865-1970 are based on the previous standards used for the national accounts and are not compatible with the up to date figures after the latest main revision of the NA.

Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months, see the description of the monthly process above.

Monthly figures, and thus quarterly figures, are aligned with the final annual national accounts figures, both in fixed and current prices. The other parts of the national accounts, such as income and capital accounts, and foreign accounts are also consistent and consistent with MNA.

Accuracy and reliability

Sources of error and uncertainty

The national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The sources are either survey data from establishments, enterprises or households, or data from registers. National accounts statistics reflect the inaccuracy in the statistical sources and the methods of compilation. Weaknesses and inaccuracy in the statistical sources are normally described in the documentation of the relevant sources.

Since the national accounts are an integrated system with balancing methods and consistency checks, the national accounts may reduce some of the inaccuracies in the statistical sources. On the other hand, national accounts require the compilation of statistics in areas where the sources are unsatisfactory, and the inaccuracy in such areas may therefore be significant. Some of the figures in the national accounts are estimated as residuals, and the uncertainty may be substantial in these areas. Examples are the compilation of changes in inventories and operating surplus by activity.

The EU Commission and Eurostat have completed a quality evaluation of the national accounts in all EEA countries. The conclusion was that "The Norwegian national accounts are of a high quality, soundly based on reliable and exhaustive sources, integrated in a system with a detailed product breakdown". (Report on the sources and methods used in compiling GNP in Norway, Eurostat/B1/CPNB/237/EN, 9 December 1997, Luxembourg.)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed an evaluation of central parts of Norwegian macroeconomic statistics in autumn 2002, including the Norwegian national accounts. In the report IMF (2003), the Norwegian macroeconomic statistics, including the national accounts, got positive reviews: "In summary, Norway's macroeconomic statistics are of generally high quality." About the national accounts, the IMF also expressed that: "The source data for both the annual and the quarterly national accounts are generally sound and timely, and sufficiently portray reality."

The production of several of the sources that are used in the national accounts takes a considerable amount of time. Consequently, preliminary figures are more inaccurate than final figures.

In 2003, Statistics Norway carried out a project to evaluate the quality of the Norwegian QNA. The task of the project was to describe and evaluate the different processes in the system, and set up a plan for further work to improve quality. A project report was released in April 2004 (in Norwegian only). The report lists a variety of measures to increase quality, such as changes in the organisation of the QNA process, technical changes in the data system, an increase and improvement of the documentation related to the QNA system etc.

Another way of measuring the general quality of the QNA figures is to compare the preliminary annual figures from the first version of the annual accounts (by adding up the quarters in the QNA) with the final version. This was done in 2004. The article (in Norwegian only) looks at the growth rates of the main aggregates: GDP, GDP for mainland Norway, household consumption, government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, exports, imports and compensation of employees. For most variables, the study covers the years 1972-2002, while for some variables it covers the years 1993-2002. The study concludes that the preliminary figures generally had underestimated the growth rate in relation to the final figures, but that the overall picture did not differ too much.

Revision

The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The monthly and quarterly figures within a specific year t have the status final 21 months after the end of the year. See Administrative information, Frequency and timeliness. In addition, periodical main revisions give revised figures. See Background and purpose. The table below shows the publication cycle for yearly and quarterly national accounts figures. In addition to what is stated in the table, monthly data will be published about 40 days after the end of the month. In May, year t (which coincides with the QNR for the first quarter), all months, also in year t-1, can be revised. After May year t, only the monthly figures for the current year are subject to revision.

Publication cycle for quarterly and yearly national accounts figures
Release date in:	1st quarter year t	2nd quarter year t	3rd quarter year t	4th quarter year t
May, year t	First preliminary version	Revised 3 for year t-1	Revised 2 for year t-1	Revised 1 for year t-1
August, year t	Revised 1 Revised 5 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	First preliminary version Revised 4 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	Revised 3 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	Revised 2 for year t-1 Final for year t-2
November, year t	Revised 2	Revised 1	First preliminary version	Revised 3 for year t-1
February, year t	Revised 3 for year t-1	Revised 2 for year t-1	Revised 1	First preliminary version for year t-1

Relevant documentation

Goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/02)
Process tables in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/03)
Improved treatment of insurance in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/04)
Changes in inventories in the Norwegian National Accounts - Accounting data as a source for changes in inventories. Notater (2017/13)
Quarterly national accounts - methods and sources of the quarterly national accounts compilations for Norway December 2013. Notater (2014/02)
Revised national accounts figures 1970-2010
History of national accounts in Norway - from free research to statistics regulated by law. Notater (113)
Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95
Norwegian methodology for supply and use tables and input-output tables. Notater (2009/8)

About seasonal adjustment

General information on seasonal adjustment

What is seasonal adjustment?

Monthly and quarterly time series are often characterised by considerable seasonal variations, which might complicate inter-period comparability. Such time series are therefore subjected to a process of seasonal adjustment in order to remove the effects of seasonal fluctuations. Once data have been adjusted for seasonal effects by X-12-ARIMA or some other seasonal adjustment tool, a clearer picture of the time series emerge.

For more information on seasonal adjustment, please refer to Statistics Norway’s: metadata on methods: seasonal adjustment.

Why seasonally adjust these statistics?

Because of climatic conditions, public holidays and holidays in July and December, the intensity of the production varies throughout the year. The same applies to household consumption and other parts of the economy.

This makes a direct comparison of two consecutive months or quarters difficult. In order to adjust for these conditions, the quarterly national accounts are seasonally adjusted which makes it possible to conduct an analysis of the underlying change in economic activity between periods.

It is important to mention some factors of the seasonally adjustment of the MNA which has to be given specific attention compared to other short time economic indicators:

- The series for the main aggregates in the MNA is a result of aggregation of many components. Statistics Norway has chosen that consistency between the components and the main aggregates also applies to the seasonally adjusted series to make it easy to identify which series contribute the most to the results.

- Data may be exposed to some revisions each month as well as major revisions when the the preliminary national accounts are reconciled with final national accounts

Background information

- To seasonally adjust the GDP (and all other aggregates) we use an indirect method. This is done in order to be able to explain the contributions to GDP-growth, and consensus is that this is the preferred method for this kind of data. Please see chapter below for more details on the direct vs. indirect approach to seasonal adjustment.

- This method has given us some challenges related to the seasonally adjusted historical series. The reason is that series older than the base year are not additive. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.

- We use information from the entire period of the time series to estimate seasonal adjustment factors, but we use this information only from the year before the base year to the present.

The method chosen is in accordance with the ESS-Guidelines on seasonal adjustment.

Seasonally adjusted series

Over a thousand series are seasonally adjusted every month. The series are adjusted at a disaggregated level and then summed up to the main aggregates.

The series for gross value added at industry level are adjusted directly, as opposed to being calculated as the difference between production and intermediate consumption.

For final consumption expenditure of households, the series are seasonally adjusted by applying the seasonal factors that are estimated for the index of household consumption of goods (see the documentation for seasonal adjustment of the index of household consumption of goods).

Pre-treatment

Pre-treatment routines/schemes

Pre-treatment is an adjustment for variations caused by calendar effects and outliers.

We run a pre-treatment of some series/main series.

Calendar adjustment

Calendar adjustment involves adjusting for the effects of working days/trading days and for moving holidays. Working days/trading days adjustments are made for both the number of working days/trading days and for the varying composition of days from one month to another.

It is performed calendar adjustments on all series showing significant and plausible calendar effects within a statistically robust approach, such as regression or RegARIMA (a regression model with an ARIMA structure for the residuals).

Methods for trading/working day adjustment

RegARIMA correction – in this case, the effect of trading days is estimated in a RegArima framework. The effect of trading days can be estimated by using a correction for the length of the month or leap year, regressing the series on the number of working days, etc. In this case, the residuals will have an ARIMA structure.

Correction for moving holidays

We run an automati correction with X-12-ARIMA. The utomatic correction of raw data will be based on Norwegian holidays.

National and EU/euro area calendars

Use of the Norwegian calendar with X-12-ARIMA.

Treatment of outliers

Outliers, or extreme values, are abnormal values of the series

Outliers are detected automatically by the seasonal adjustment tool. The outliers are removed before seasonal adjustment is carried out, and then reintroduced into the seasonally adjusted data.

Model selection

Pre-treatment requires choosing an ARIMA model, as well as deciding whether the data should be log-transformed or not.

Decomposition scheme

The decomposition scheme specifies how the various components – basically trend-cycle, seasonal and irregular – combine to form the original series. The most frequently used decomposition schemes are the multiplicative and additive.

Manual selection of decomposition scheme after graphical inspection of the properties to the specific series.

Comments: Additive decomposition is used for series with (potential) negative values or values equal zero, otherwise multiplicative decomposition is used.

Seasonal adjustment

Choice of seasonal adjustment approach

X-12-ARIMA

Consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted data

In some series, consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted series is imposed.

No constraints are applied.

Consistency between aggregate/definition of seasonally adjusted data

In some series, consistency between seasonally adjusted aggregates and its components is imposed. For some series there is also a special relationship between the different series, e.g. GDP which equals production minus intermediate consumption.

Definitions and relationships that hold for unadjusted figures also apply for seasonally adjusted figures.

Comments: The supply side equals the use side also for seasonally adjusted figures. This implies that changes in stocks/statistical discrepancies are treated as a residual in the seasonally adjusted figures (balancing item). The series for gross value added are adjusted directly (see chapter 1.3) and are not required to match the difference between seasonally adjusted series for production and intermediate consumption (thus, vertical – not horizontal – consistency is imposed).

Direct versus indirect approach

Direct seasonal adjustment is performed if all time series, including aggregates, are seasonally adjusted on an individual basis. Indirect seasonal adjustment is performed if the seasonally adjusted estimate for a time series is derived by combining the estimates for two or more directly adjusted series.

Mixed indirect approach is applied

Comments: MNA uses aggregation routines outside X-12-ARIMA.

Horizon for estimating the model and the correction factors

When performing seasonal adjustment of a time series, it is possible to choose the period to be used in estimating the model and the correction factors. Correction factors are the factors used in the pre-treatment and seasonal adjustment of the series.

The whole time series is used to estimate the model and the correction factors

Audit procedures

General revision policy

Seasonally adjusted data may change due to a revision of the unadjusted (raw) data or the addition of new data. Such changes are called revisions, and there are several ways to deal with the problem of revisions when publishing the seasonally adjusted statistics.

Seasonally adjusted numbers are revised in accordance with a well-defined and publicly available revision policy and release calendar.

Concurrent versus current adjustment

The model, filters, outliers and regression parameters are re-identified and re-estimated as new or revised data become available.

Horizon for published revisions

The individual series will be revised when seasonal factors are re-estimated. Concerning the main aggregates the period of revisions is limited from the base year to the present.

Comments: This applies as long as the unadjusted figures before the base year remains unchanged. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.

Quality of seasonal adjustment

Evaluation of seasonally adjustment data

Continuous/periodical evaluation using standard measures proposed by different seasonal adjustment tools.

Special cases

All series are sufficiently long to perform a seasonal adjustment.

Posting procedures

Data availability

Both unadjusted (raw), seasonally adjusted and sum rolling three months data are available.

Press releases

In addition to raw data, at least one of the following series is released: pre-treated, seasonally adjusted, seasonally plus working day adjusted trend-cycle series.
Both levels and growth rates are presented.
Empirical values are presented to evaluate revisions of data in earlier press releases.