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GDP per person employed highest in Oslo
statistikk
2012-03-12T10:00:00.000Z
National accounts and business cycles;Svalbard
en
fnr, Regional accounts, gross domestic product, GDP, value added, GDP per capita, gross investments, household consumption, household income, disposible income, gross product by industry, wage costs, employeesNational accounts and business cycles, National accounts , National accounts and business cycles, Svalbard
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Regional accounts, 2008-2009

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GDP per person employed highest in Oslo

Gross domestic product (GDP) per person employed in Oslo was 15 per cent higher than the national average in 2009. The decline in demand for metal caused GDP per employed person in Telemark to drop 6 per cent below the national average in 2009.

GDPR per employed person. Total = 100

One reason why Oslo is significantly higher than the national average is that the industry structure in Oslo differs somewhat from other counties. Among other things, a third of the industries engaged in finance and insurance, information and communication and technical activities are located in Oslo. These industries are characterised by having high GDP per person employed and when these industries make up about 25 per cent of overall GDP in Oslo they contribute by pulling up total GDP per person employed.

Telemark had a clear decline in GDP per person employed from 2008 to 2009. After being at the national average in 2008 it was 6 per cent below the national average in 2009. This is explained partly by a strong decline in demand and falling prices for metals and partly by lower production of electricity. These industries went from representing about 15 per cent of total GDP in Telemark in 2008 to about 10 per cent in 2009.

Troms and Finnmark were 15 and 19 per cent below the national average in 2009 respectively. Common to these two counties and other counties that are well below the national average is that industrial structure is dominated by public services. In Troms and Finnmark, public services constitute about 40 per cent of GDP. Because the value added of general government is calculated as the sum of labour costs and capital consumption it means that the value added per person employed is relatively low compared with industries where value added also covers the return on capital. Both Troms and Finnmark were closer to the national average in 2009 than the year before. In Troms, this is to some extent related to a strong increase in construction activity that caused its share of GDP to increase from 7.2 per cent in 2008 to 8.7 per cent in 2009.

The counties that are above the national average of GDP per person employed are characterised by the provision of public services representing about 20 per cent of overall GDP and having a large share of manufacturing and service producing industries. For example, in Møre og Romsdal and Vest-Agder the share of manufacturing is well above 20 per cent, whereas in Rogaland it is the petroleum industry and services incidental to oil and gas extraction that is relatively large.

Employment decline in Oslo and Akershus

In 2009, the number of employed persons nationwide fell by nearly 12 000. Approximately 44 per cent of the decline was in Oslo/Akershus. In particular, business services, construction and wholesale and retail trade showed a decline in employment.

Finnmark, Troms, Sogn og Fjordane, Rogaland and Aust-Agder had employment growth from 2008 to 2009. In Troms, employment increased by about 1 550 people, mainly related to construction activities. In the other counties there were a total of 1 850 more employed persons in 2009 than the year before.

Increase in gross capital formation on the continental shelf

Gross fixed capital formation as a share of GDP was 22 per cent in 2009, which was slightly higher than in 2008. It was increased investment on the continental shelf that contributed positively. Excluding the continental shelf, gross capital formation as a share of GDP fell from 23 to 20 per cent from 2008 to 2009. The decline was particularly strong in Hordaland and was related to real estate activities.

Household disposable income

Disposable income in the household sector increased by 6.5 per cent nationwide from 2008 to 2009, but population growth led per capita income to increase by 5.3 per cent. The strongest income growth per capita was found in Finnmark with 6.4 per cent, while the lowest was in Oslo with 3.1 per cent. In Oslo, business income and property income constitute relatively more than in many other counties. Weak growth in business income and net property income contributed to slower growth in household disposable income in Oslo.

Main results, Regional accounts 2009, Norwegian counties per inhabitant and per employed person. Total ex. the Norwegian continental shelf and Svalbard=1001
  GDP per inhabitant. NOK GDP per employed persons. NOK Household Final Consumption Expenditures per innhabitant. NOK Household's disposable income per inhabitant. NOK GDP per inhabitant, index GDP per employed persons, index GFCF share of GDP
Total  488 037  905 725  202 794  210 344     22
Total ex norwegian continental shelf and Svalbard  392 542  733 436      100  100  
               
østfold  291 302  648 876  186 251  193 185 74 88 16
Akershus  388 612  788 000  223 214  231 525 99  107 18
Oslo/Akershus  529 942  824 756  232 692  241 356  135  112 17
Oslo  659 330  846 051  241 370  250 356  168  115 17
Hedmark  287 416  625 870  182 982  189 795 73 85 22
Oppland  285 935  605 191  183 105  189 922 73 83 21
Buskerud  338 981  687 309  200 168  207 621 86 94 18
Vestfold  307 916  666 848  192 449  199 614 78 91 19
Telemark  320 891  690 217  191 985  199 132 82 94 22
Aust-Agder  308 485  686 710  188 559  195 579 79 94 24
Vest-Agder  385 143  763 920  191 781  198 921 98  104 23
Rogaland  451 416  796 297  222 503  230 787  115  109 26
Hordaland  410 084  751 846  206 954  214 659  104  103 21
Sogn og Fjordane  356 207  684 085  182 705  189 507 91 93 24
Møre og Romsdal  383 481  745 400  193 197  200 390 98  102 25
Sør-Trøndelag  360 070  691 705  194 267  201 500 92 94 18
Nord-Trøndelag  277 479  601 545  173 927  180 403 71 82 21
Nordland  320 743  659 793  174 732  181 238 82 90 21
Troms Romsa  326 914  620 612  178 928  185 590 83 85 20
Finnmark Finnmárku  312 057  595 985  170 616  176 968 79 81 32
The Norwegian continental shelf etc. - 26 334 712 - -     28
1  In the table, the national average excluding Svalbard and the Continental shelf is set to 100.
GDP, employments, GFCF, Household Final Consumption Expenditure, Region Pattern 2009. Relative distribution. Total=100
  GDP.
NOK million 		Employed persons.
1 000 		Gross Fixed Capital Formation.
NOK million 		Household Final Consumption Expenditures.
NOK million 		Household disposable income.
NOK million
Total 2 356 599 2 602  515 580  979 235 1 015 693
           
østfold 3.3 4.7 2.5 5.1 5.1
Akershus 8.8 10.1 7.2 12.1 12.1
Oslo/Akershus 25.0 27.5 20.0 26.5 26.5
Oslo 16.3 17.4 12.8 14.3 14.3
Hedmark 2.3 3.4 2.4 3.6 3.6
Oppland 2.2 3.4 2.2 3.5 3.5
Buskerud 3.7 4.9 3.1 5.2 5.2
Vestfold 3.0 4.1 2.6 4.5 4.5
Telemark 2.3 3.0 2.3 3.3 3.3
Aust-Agder 1.4 1.9 1.6 2.1 2.1
Vest-Agder 2.8 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.3
Rogaland 8.1 9.2 9.8 9.6 9.6
Hordaland 8.2 9.9 7.8 10.0 10.0
Sogn og Fjordane 1.6 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.0
Møre og Romsdal 4.1 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.9
Sør-Trøndelag 4.4 5.8 3.6 5.7 5.7
Nord-Trøndelag 1.5 2.3 1.5 2.3 2.3
Nordland 3.2 4.4 3.1 4.2 4.2
Troms Romsa 2.2 3.2 2.0 2.9 2.9
Finnmark Finnmárku 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3
Norwegian Continental shelf etc. 19.6 0.7 24.8 - -

To compare the level figures on gross product (GDP) per county makes little sense given that there are large differences between counties in terms of population. In order to obtain a better basis for comparison, the distribution is either GDP per capita or per employee. The commuting across regions, for example, that many of the workers in Oslo who live outside the metropolitan area do, means that GDP per capita can be difficult to compare. The interest should therefore be directed at the figures showing GDP per employed persons. GDP per employed person should not be interpreted as an analysis of differences in productivity between counties. If a productivity analysis was to be done it would be necessary to take into account the stock of real capital in the counties. The article focuses on GDP per employed person, but the tables also show GDP per capita.

Statistics Norway conducted a major revision of National accounts in 2011. As a result of this the figures for 2008 and 2009 are not fully comparable with the figures for 2007 and earlier. Among other things, it introduced a new industry grouping base (Standard Industrial Classification 2007), see http://www.ssb.no/emner/08/05/10/oa/201106/skoglund.pdf

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