Discussion Papers
Discussion papers comprise research papers intended for international journals and books. A preprint of a Discussion Paper may be longer and more elaborate than a standard journal article as it may include intermediate calculations, background material etc. The views and conclusions are those of the author(s).
Articles, analysis, and publications
2026
A practical framework for behavioral microsimulation using external evidence Discussion paper 4 February
When structural labor supply models are unavailable or impractical, the paper proposes a practical method for incorporating behavioral responses into static taxbenefit microsimulation models.
Does Tax Transparency Influence Wage Setting? Discussion paper 2 February
This paper examines how an often-overlooked source of pay transparency—the public disclosure of tax information—affects gender wage gaps. We exploit a 2001 change in Norway that made individual tax returns searchable online.
A cost-benefit assessment of covid-19 strategies: The case of Norway Discussion paper 26 January
This study evaluates the costs and benefits of alternative COVID-19 strategies for Norway, drawing on ex-post evidence from countries that pursued markedly different approaches.
2025
Decomposing the Output Gap Discussion paper 10 December
This paper introduces two methodological improvements to the Hodrick– Prescott (HP) filter for decomposing GDP into trend and cycle components.
Domestic Outsourcing of Low-Skill Jobs Discussion paper 9 December
Firms increasingly contract out a wide range of activities that were previously done in-house, such as cleaning, security, logistics, and catering.
Subnational Nature Offset Markets: Balancing National and Local Public Goods Discussion paper 9 December
Environmental restoration as a compensatory mechanism for the development of previously undisturbed land can play a significant role in fulfilling nature conservation objectives.
Measuring long-run wealth inequality: Empirical results for Norway 1912-2019 Discussion paper 28 October
This paper introduces a framework for estimating long-run series of measures of overall inequality and top wealth shares when data consist of a combination of historical tabulations and modern administrative registers of taxable wealth.
K-Returns to Field of Study Discussion paper 5 September
Financial and quantitative education, such as pursuing a degree in business or economics, should potentially equip individuals with the skills to better allocate their financial resources.
Modeling exchange rate, inflation, and interest rate in a small open economy Discussion paper 29 August
Building on a New Keynesian rational expectations framework, we develop a structural empirical model that jointly determines the real exchange rate, inflation, and the nominal interest rate in a small open economy.
Welfare effects of pension reforms Discussion paper 2 July
This paper investigates the welfare effects of two types of pension reforms aimed at addressing challenges due to aging populations.
Norway’s net-zero emissions target for 2030 Discussion paper 7 May
Norway has positioned itself as a climate policy forerunner by aiming to reach net-zero emissions already by 2030. However, the net-zero ambition is not well-defined, not legally binding, nor substantiated by action plans.
Matching Efficiency and The Composition of the Unemployed Discussion paper 23 April
This paper studies how compositional changes among the unemployed and the matching efficiency in the labor market affects the matching process between establishments and job seekers in Norway.
Nurses' education, employment, and heterogeneous effects of admission Discussion paper 9 April
Shortage of skilled healthcare workers is a global challenge. In this paper, we study applicants to Norwegian nursing programs.
A novel multivariate composite estimator for the Labour Force Survey Discussion paper 7 April
This paper introduces a novel multivariate composite estimator for the Labour Force Survey (LFS). Unlike the univariate composite estimators used in some countries, the multivariate estimator takes into account the different probabilities of transitioning between labour market categories, such as employment, unemployment, or non-participation in the labour force.
Innovation outcomes of public R&D support: A new approach to identifying output additionality Discussion paper 22 January
What difference does government support of business R&D make to the rate of innovation? Addressing this important question has deep theoretical roots and broadening practical applications in OECD countries.