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Oil-related industries affect the distribution of value added between counties
statistikk
2012-12-20T10:00:00.000Z
National accounts and business cycles;Svalbard
en
fnr, Regional accounts, gross domestic product, GDP, value added, GDP per capita, gross investments, household consumption, household income, disposible income, gross product by industry, wage costs, employeesNational accounts and business cycles, National accounts , National accounts and business cycles, Svalbard
false

Regional accounts, 2010

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Oil-related industries affect the distribution of value added between counties

Value added per person employed was highest in Oslo and Rogaland in 2010. Meanwhile, household disposable income per capita was relatively evenly distributed across counties.

Value added per person employed in Oslo was 19 per cent above the national average in 2010. This must be seen in the context of the industrial structure in Oslo being different from the other counties. For example, nearly half of the production in the banking and financial industries is located in Oslo. This is an industry group that has high value added per employee, regardless of region, and thus increases the average in Oslo relatively more than in the other counties. Similarly, the value added per person employed in the real estate industry is more than double the national average. This industry has greater importance in Oslo than in the other counties. In total, value added of these two industries make up nearly 20 per cent of total value added in Oslo.

GDPR per employed person 2010. GDP at basic values ex the Norwegian continental shelf and Svalbard = 100

Rogaland was 12 per cent above the national average and also has a significant share of service industries with high value added per employee. Although most of the value added in the oil and gas extraction industry is attributed to the continental shelf, this industry still characterises the industry structure in Rogaland. Particularly important is the industry known as service activities incidental to oil and gas, which alone accounted for over 11 per cent of the value added in that region. Over half of the value added of these services came from Rogaland.

Value added per person employed in Akershus, Møre and Romsdal and Vest-Agder was about 3 per cent above the national average, while Hordaland was approximately on the average. The industries that increase value added per person employed in Akershus are essentially the same service industries as in Oslo.

In Møre and Romsdal and Vest -Agder, manufacturing contributed to over 20 per cent of value added in 2010. This industry was characterised as having a value added per employee well above average. It was particularly building of ships, oil platforms and modules and production of basic metals that pulled up value added in Møre and Romsdal. In Vest-Agder, in addition to metals, manufacture of electrical equipment and machinery etc. also had high value added per employee. With the exception of metals that are export-oriented, the other two industries are key suppliers to the petroleum industry.

High proportion of general government - low value added per person employed

The lowest value added per person employed is found in Nord-Trøndelag, followed by Hedmark and Oppland. These counties were nearly 20 per cent below the national average. The two northernmost counties, Troms and Finmark, were clearly below average.

Counties that were below the national average had a relatively large share of government services. Value added in general government is conventionally calculated without including return to capital, which is included in market output. This means that the value added per person employed in general government will be lower than, for example, in private services. Looking at the counties mentioned earlier, public services amounted to about a third or more of the value added. For the country as a whole, general government constituted about a fifth of the total value added.

Lower public employment in counties with high value added per person employed

Nearly 50 per cent of those employed worked in the counties of Oslo, Akershus, Hordaland and Rogaland. In all these counties, the proportion of employees working in the general government is below the national average.

For counties that have lower value added per employee than the national average, the proportion of employed persons in general government is mainly above the national average. The two northernmost counties in addition to Nordland particularly stand out with a relatively large number of employees in general government.

Highest household incomes in Sogn and Fjordane

Regional figures for household disposable income per capita show a more even distribution between counties than for value added per employee. Disposable income per capita was highest in Oslo and Akershus, at more than 10 per cent above the national average. In Rogaland, disposable income was 6 per cent above the national average. The inhabitants of Nord-Trøndelag had the lowest disposable income, at 10 per cent below the national average.

Disposable income per inhabitant by region 2010. NOK

Household disposable income before taxes by type of income, 2010. Per cent

The composition of household income and expenditure varies between counties. Households in Oslo and the Western Region, which consists of Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland and Rogaland, have a slightly higher proportion of wage income than the other counties, but the differences are relatively small. In the northern region, consisting of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark, public benefits constitute a slightly larger share of household income than in the other counties. Benefit ratios depend partly on demographic conditions. Pensions are the largest form of state benefits, and counties with many pensioners thus have relatively high benefit ratios. The counties of Oslo, Rogaland and Akershus have the lowest percentages of residents over the age of 66, while Hedmark, Oppland and Nordland have the highest proportions.

Main results1, Regional accounts 2010, figures per inhabitant and per employed person
  GDP2 per inhabitant kr. GDP per employed persons. NOK Household Final Consumption Expenditures per innhabitant. NOK Household's disposable income per inhabitant. NOK GDP per inhabitant4. Index GDP per employed persons4. Index Household's disposable income per inhabitant. Index
Total3  520 379  982 192  212 840  219 181      
GDP at basic values  462 365  872 693          
GDP at basic values ex norwegian continental shelf and Svalbard  364 345  692 473      100  100  100
               
østfold  257 015  589 586  197 389  203 270 71 85 93
Akershus  336 337  714 373  230 970  237 852 92  103  109
Oslo/Akershus  491 719  784 473  223 473  242 333  135  113  111
Oslo  633 485  823 623  239 292  246 422  174  119  112
Hedmark  259 618  569 237  196 034  201 875 71 82 92
Oppland  263 919  565 002  198 900  204 826 72 82 93
Buskerud  311 922  643 588  212 087  218 406 86 93  100
Vestfold  272 478  610 956  203 791  209 863 75 88 96
Telemark  298 705  659 262  201 877  207 892 82 95 95
Aust-Agder  268 272  611 443  197 647  203 535 74 88 93
Vest-Agder  356 083  706 889  199 041  204 971 98  102 94
Rogaland  434 471  776 303  224 061  230 737  119  112  105
Hordaland  370 583  685 496  213 638  220 004  102 99  100
Sogn og Fjordane  336 632  655 642  198 998  204 927 92 95 93
Møre og Romsdal  360 543  715 412  205 594  211 720 99  103 97
Sør-Trøndelag  341 101  661 448  206 626  212 783 94 96 97
Nord-Trøndelag  258 791  562 199  191 579  197 287 71 81 90
Nordland  308 415  637 669  201 000  206 989 85 92 94
Troms Romsa  303 794  592 525  204 792  210 893 83 86 96
Finnmark Finnmárku  303 980  586 658  205 583  211 709 83 85 97
The Norwegian continental shelf mv. - 26 758 459 - - - - -
1  In the table, the national average excluding Svalbard and the Continental shelf is set to 100.
2  GDP for regions at basic values.
3  GDP total at marked values.
4  GDP at basic values ex norwegian continental shelf and Svalbard.

To compare the level figures on gross domestic product (GDP) per county makes little sense given that there are large differences between counties in terms of population. In order to obtain a better basis for comparison, the distribution is either GDP per capita or per employee. The commuting across regions, for example, that many of the workers in Oslo who live outside the metropolitan area do, means that GDP per capita can be difficult to compare. The interest should therefore be directed at the figures showing GDP per employed person. GDP per employed person should not be interpreted as an analysis of differences in productivity between counties. If a productivity analysis was to be done it would be necessary to take into account the stock of real capital in the counties. The article focuses on GDP per employed person, but the tables also show GDP per capita.

In November 2012, ??some revisions were made in the annual national accounts for the years 2008 and 2009. In accordance with these changes, the regional figures for the two years are reconciled again. The industries oil and gas extraction and services incidental to oil and gas have been revised. No other changes have been made.

Value added for a market-oriented industry can been calculated by subtracting intermediate consumption from production, or by summing up compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, other net taxes on production and operating surplus.

Value added= Production - Intermediate consumption

Value added = Compensation of employees + Consumption of fixed capital + other net taxes on production + operating surplus.

For general government, the calculation of value added is somewhat different. Operating surplus in general government is per definition equal to zero and value added is calculated as shown below:

Value added for general government = Compensation of employees + Consumption of fixed capital + other net taxes on production

Tables: